παρά

See also: παρα-, παρά-, πάρα, and Appendix:Variations of "para"

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

πᾰ́ρ (pár) — Epic, Lyric
πᾰρ’ (par’) — apocopic
πᾰ́ρᾰ (pára)
πᾰραί (paraí) — Epic, Poetic

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *pərai, from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before, in front”). Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro).^[1]

The genitive is from the PIE ablative of origin or cause. The dative is from the locative. The accusative is perhaps from a metaphor of going near someone to attack them. Compare Latin ante.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pa.rá/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /paˈra/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /paˈra/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /paˈra/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /paˈra/

Preposition

πᾰρᾰ́ • (pará) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)

1. from
2. because of
1. at, beside, by, near
μένειν παρὰ τισί ― ménein parà tisí ― to stay at someone's house/home
1. contrary to
2. beside, by, near (w/ verbs of coming or going; w/ verbs of past motion; w/ verbs of striking or wounding)
παρ’ ἔμ’ ἵστασο ― par’ ém’ hístaso ― stand by/beside me

Derived terms

παρα- (para-)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πάρα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1151

Greek

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /paˈɾa/
Hyphenation: πα‧ρά

Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek παρά (pará)

Preposition

παρά • (pará) (+ accusative)

despite, in spite of
less (minus; not including)
1. (time) to (preceding the next whole hour)
  Είναι έξι παρά είκοσι πέντε.
  Eínai éxi pará eíkosi pénte.
  It's twenty-five to six
  (literally, “It's six less twenty-five.”)
  
  Στις έντεκα παρά τέταρτο.
  Stis énteka pará tétarto.
  At a quarter to eleven.
  (literally, “At eleven less (a) quarter.”)

Alternative forms

παρ' (par')

Conjunction

παρά • (pará)

(qualifying a negative) but
(comparative) than

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

παρά • (pará) m

Nominative, accusative and vocative singular form of παράς (parás).

References

παρά, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής , Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πάρα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1151

[1]

παρά

Contents

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Preposition

Derived terms

References

Further reading

Greek

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Preposition

Alternative forms

Conjunction

Etymology 2

Noun

References

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia