देव
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Hindi
Etymology 1
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit देव (deva).
Pronunciation
Noun
देव • (dev) m (Urdu spelling دیو)
Usage notes
The use of देव (dev) is generally restricted to compound words and proper names (रामदेव (rāmdev), हरदेव (hardev), etc.)
Declension
Declension of देव (masc cons-stem)
Derived terms
- देवकन्या (devkanyā, “nymph, celestial maiden”)
- देवकार्य (devkārya, “religious rite for propitiating a deity”)
- देवकुल (devkul, “pantheon”)
- देवगृह (devgŕh, “temple, abode of a deity”)
- देवता (devtā)
- देवत्रिय (devatriya, “the Holy Trinity of Vishnu, Brahma, and Shiva”)
- देवदूत (devdūt, “angel, divine messenger”)
Related terms
- देवी (devī)
Proper noun
देव • (dev) m (Urdu spelling دیو)
- a male given name, Dev, from Sanskrit
Declension
Declension of देव (masc cons-stem)
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Classical Persian دیو (dēw).
Noun
देव • (dev) m (Urdu spelling دیو)
Declension
Declension of देव (masc cons-stem)
References
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “देव”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “देव”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “देव”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi : Nagari Pracarini Sabha
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dēvá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Konkani
Noun
देव • (dev) m (Latin script ?, Kannada script ?)
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit देव (deva).
Pronunciation
Noun
देव • (dev) m
Declension
| Declension of देव (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
देव dev | ||
| direct plural |
देव dev | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
देव dev |
देव dev | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
देवा devā |
देवां- devān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
देवाला devālā |
देवांना devānnā | |
| ergative | देवाने, देवानं devāne, devāna |
देवांनी devānnī | |
| instrumental | देवाशी devāśī |
देवांशी devānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
देवात devāt |
देवांत devāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
देवा devā |
देवांनो devānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of देव (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
देवाचा devāċā |
देवाचे devāċe |
देवाची devācī |
देवाच्या devācā |
देवाचे, देवाचं devāċe, devāċa |
देवाची devācī |
देवाच्या devācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
देवांचा devānċā |
देवांचे devānċe |
देवांची devāñcī |
देवांच्या devāncā |
देवांचे, देवांचं devānċe, devānċa |
देवांची devāñcī |
देवांच्या devāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Related terms
- देवी (devī)
Proper noun
देव • (dev) m
- a male given name, Dev, from Sanskrit
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “देव”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “देव”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “देव”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
Marwari
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit देव (deva).
Noun
देव (dev) ?
Related terms
- देवरौ (devrau)
Old Awadhi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit देव (deva).
Noun
देव (deva)
- deity, god, deva
- c. 1500s CE, Tulsīdās, Saṅkaṭmocan Hanumān Aṣṭak :
- देवन आनि करी बिनती
- devana āni karī binatī
- देवन आनि करी बिनती
Old Gujarati
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit देव (deva).
Noun
देव • (deva) m
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Noun
देव m
- Devanagari script form of deva
Declension
Declension table of "देव" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | देवो (devo) | देवा (devā) |
| Accusative (second) | देवं (devaṃ) | देवे (deve) |
| Instrumental (third) | देवेन (devena) | देवेहि (devehi) or देवेभि (devebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | देवस्स (devassa) or देवाय (devāya) or देवत्थं (devatthaṃ) | देवानं (devānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | देवस्मा (devasmā) or देवम्हा (devamhā) or देवा (devā) | देवेहि (devehi) or देवेभि (devebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | देवस्स (devassa) | देवानं (devānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | देवस्मिं (devasmiṃ) or देवम्हि (devamhi) or देवे (deve) | देवेसु (devesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | देव (deva) | देवा (devā) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- দেৱ (Assamese script)
- ᬤᬾᬯ (Balinese script)
- দেব (Bengali script)
- 𑰟𑰸𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀤𑁂𑀯 (Brahmi script)
- ဒေဝ (Burmese script)
- દેવ (Gujarati script)
- ਦੇਵ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌦𑍇𑌵 (Grantha script)
- ꦢꦺꦮ (Javanese script)
- 𑂠𑂵𑂫 (Kaithi script)
- ದೇವ (Kannada script)
- ទេវ (Khmer script)
- ເທວ (Lao script)
- ദേവ (Malayalam script)
- ᡩᡝᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘟𑘹𑘪 (Modi script)
- ᢑᠧᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦿𑧚𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐡𑐾𑐰 (Newa script)
- ଦେଵ (Odia script)
- ꢣꢾꢮ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆢𑆼𑆮 (Sharada script)
- 𑖟𑖸𑖪 (Siddham script)
- දෙව (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩭𑩔𑩾 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚛𑚲𑚦 (Takri script)
- தே³வ (Tamil script)
- దేవ (Telugu script)
- เทว (Thai script)
- དེ་ཝ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒠𑒹𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨛𑨄𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *daywás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás, from Proto-Indo-European *deywós (“god, the celestial one”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daēuua), Classical Persian دیو (dēv), Latin deus, divus.
Pronunciation
Adjective
देव • (devá) stem
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of देव (devá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | देवस् devás |
देवौ / देवा¹ devaú / devā́¹ |
देवाः / देवासः¹ devā́ḥ / devā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | देव déva |
देवौ / देवा¹ dévau / dévā¹ |
देवाः / देवासः¹ dévāḥ / dévāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | देवम् devám |
देवौ / देवा¹ devaú / devā́¹ |
देवान् devā́n |
| Instrumental | देवेन devéna |
देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām |
देवैः / देवेभिः¹ devaíḥ / devébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | देवाय devā́ya |
देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām |
देवेभ्यः devébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | देवात् devā́t |
देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām |
देवेभ्यः devébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | देवस्य devásya |
देवयोः deváyoḥ |
देवानाम् devā́nām |
| Locative | देवे devé |
देवयोः deváyoḥ |
देवेषु devéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ī-stem declension of देवी (devī́) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | देवी devī́ |
देव्यौ / देवी¹ devyaù / devī́¹ |
देव्यः / देवीः¹ devyàḥ / devī́ḥ¹ |
| Vocative | देवि dévi |
देव्यौ / देवी¹ dévyau / dévī¹ |
देव्यः / देवीः¹ dévyaḥ / dévīḥ¹ |
| Accusative | देवीम् devī́m |
देव्यौ / देवी¹ devyaù / devī́¹ |
देवीः devī́ḥ |
| Instrumental | देव्या devyā́ |
देवीभ्याम् devī́bhyām |
देवीभिः devī́bhiḥ |
| Dative | देव्यै devyaí |
देवीभ्याम् devī́bhyām |
देवीभ्यः devī́bhyaḥ |
| Ablative | देव्याः / देव्यै² devyā́ḥ / devyaí² |
देवीभ्याम् devī́bhyām |
देवीभ्यः devī́bhyaḥ |
| Genitive | देव्याः / देव्यै² devyā́ḥ / devyaí² |
देव्योः devyóḥ |
देवीनाम् devī́nām |
| Locative | देव्याम् devyā́m |
देव्योः devyóḥ |
देवीषु devī́ṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of देव (devá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | देवम् devám |
देवे devé |
देवानि / देवा¹ devā́ni / devā́¹ |
| Vocative | देव déva |
देवे déve |
देवानि / देवा¹ dévāni / dévā¹ |
| Accusative | देवम् devám |
देवे devé |
देवानि / देवा¹ devā́ni / devā́¹ |
| Instrumental | देवेन devéna |
देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām |
देवैः / देवेभिः¹ devaíḥ / devébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | देवाय devā́ya |
देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām |
देवेभ्यः devébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | देवात् devā́t |
देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām |
देवेभ्यः devébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | देवस्य devásya |
देवयोः deváyoḥ |
देवानाम् devā́nām |
| Locative | देवे devé |
देवयोः deváyoḥ |
देवेषु devéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Noun
देव • (devá or déva) stem, m
- deity, god, the gods as the heavenly or shining ones, often reckoned as numbering 33. (Rigvedic, also accented déva according to Panini 3.3.120)
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.90.7:
- तं य॒ज्ञं ब॒र्हिषि॒ प्रौक्ष॒न्पुरु॑षं जा॒तम॑ग्र॒तः।
तेन॑ दे॒वा अ॑यजन्त सा॒ध्या ऋष॑यश्च॒ ये॥- táṃ yajñáṃ barhíṣi praúkṣanpúruṣaṃ jātámagratáḥ.
téna devā́ ayajanta sādhyā́ ṛ́ṣayaśca yé. - They immolated as the victim upon the sacred grass Puruṣa, born before creation;
with him the deities who were Sādhyas and those who were Ṛṣis sacrificed.
- táṃ yajñáṃ barhíṣi praúkṣanpúruṣaṃ jātámagratáḥ.
- तं य॒ज्ञं ब॒र्हिषि॒ प्रौक्ष॒न्पुरु॑षं जा॒तम॑ग्र॒तः।
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.13.5:
- अधा॑कृणोः पृथि॒वीं सं॒दृशे॑ दि॒वे यो धौ॑ती॒नाम॑हिह॒न्नारि॑णक्प॒थः।
तं त्वा॒ स्तोमे॑भिरु॒दभि॒र्न वा॒जिनं॑ दे॒वं दे॒वा अ॑जन॒न्त्सास्यु॒क्थ्य॑:॥- ádhākṛṇoḥ pṛthivī́ṃ saṃdṛ́śe divé yó dhautīnā́mahihannā́riṇakpatháḥ.
táṃ tvā stómebhirudábhirná vājínaṃ deváṃ devā́ ajanantsā́syukthyà:. - You have created earth to look upon the sky: you, slaying Ahi, have set free the river's paths.
You, such, a god, the gods have quickened with their praises, even as a steed with waters: meet for praise are you.
- ádhākṛṇoḥ pṛthivī́ṃ saṃdṛ́śe divé yó dhautīnā́mahihannā́riṇakpatháḥ.
- अधा॑कृणोः पृथि॒वीं सं॒दृशे॑ दि॒वे यो धौ॑ती॒नाम॑हिह॒न्नारि॑णक्प॒थः।
- rarely also of evil demons (Atharvaveda, Taittiriya Samhita)
- name of Indra as the god of the sky and giver of rain (Epics)
- the image of a god, an idol
- a god on earth or among men, either Brahman, priest or king, prince, as a title of honour, especially in the vocative "your majesty" or "your honour" (Rigvedic)
- as a given name, diminutive of देवदत्त (devadatta) (Panini 5.3.83)
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of देव (devá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | देवस् devás |
देवौ / देवा¹ devaú / devā́¹ |
देवाः / देवासः¹ devā́ḥ / devā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | देव déva |
देवौ / देवा¹ dévau / dévā¹ |
देवाः / देवासः¹ dévāḥ / dévāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | देवम् devám |
देवौ / देवा¹ devaú / devā́¹ |
देवान् devā́n |
| Instrumental | देवेन devéna |
देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām |
देवैः / देवेभिः¹ devaíḥ / devébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | देवाय devā́ya |
देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām |
देवेभ्यः devébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | देवात् devā́t |
देवाभ्याम् devā́bhyām |
देवेभ्यः devébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | देवस्य devásya |
देवयोः deváyoḥ |
देवानाम् devā́nām |
| Locative | देवे devé |
देवयोः deváyoḥ |
देवेषु devéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Pali: deva (see there for further descendants)
- Borrowings
- → Proto-Nuristani:
- Waigali: (dē, “god, oath”)
- → Assamese: দেৱ (dew)
- → Old Awadhi: (learned) deva
- → Chakma: 𑄘𑄬𑄝𑄴 (deb, “god; king”)
- → Chinese: 提婆 (típó)
- → English: deva
- → Hindi: देव (dev)
- → Old Gujarati: देव (deva)
- → Kannada: ದೇವ (dēva)
- → Kashmiri: دیو (dev)
- → Malay: dewa
- → Marathi: देव (dev)
- → Odia: ଦେବ (deba)
- → Punjabi: ਦੇਵ (dev)
- → Marwari: देव (dev)
- → Kalasha: (dewa, “god”)
- → Tamil: தேவன் (tēvaṉ)
- → Telugu: దేవుడు (dēvuḍu)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “देव”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 492, column 2.