धातु

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See also: धातू, धातृ, and धृत

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit धातु m (dhātu), with the gender having changed in recent times.

Pronunciation

  • (Delhi) IPA(key): /d̪ʱɑː.t̪uː/,

Noun

धातु • (dhātu) f or m

  1. metal, metallic element
This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!
Particularly: “Especially showing the change in gender.”

Declension

Declension of धातु (fem u-stem // masc u-stem)
singular plural
direct धातु
dhātu 		धातुएँ, धातु
dhātuẽ, dhātu
oblique धातु
dhātu 		धातुओं
dhātuõ
vocative धातु
dhātu 		धातुओ
dhātuo

References

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

Etymology 1

Noun

धातु f

  1. Devanagari script form of dhātu (“element”)
Declension
Declension table of "धातु" (feminine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)धातु (dhātu)धातुयो (dhātuyo) or धातू (dhātū)
Accusative (second)धातुं (dhātuṃ)धातुयो (dhātuyo) or धातू (dhātū)
Instrumental (third)धातुया (dhātuyā)धातूहि (dhātūhi) or धातूभि (dhātūbhi)
Dative (fourth)धातुया (dhātuyā)धातूनं (dhātūnaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)धातुया (dhātuyā)धातूहि (dhātūhi) or धातूभि (dhātūbhi)
Genitive (sixth)धातुया (dhātuyā)धातूनं (dhātūnaṃ)
Locative (seventh)धातुया (dhātuyā) or धातुयं (dhātuyaṃ)धातूसु (dhātūsu)
Vocative (calling)धातु (dhātu)धातुयो (dhātuyo) or धातू (dhātū)

Etymology 2

Noun

धातु m

  1. Devanagari script form of dhātu (“root of a word”)
    • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ ‎ (overall work in Pali), page 283; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
      दिस इच्चेतस्स धातुस्स पस्स दिस्स दक्ख इच्चेते आदेसा होन्ति वा।
      Disa iccetassa dhātussa passa dissa dakkha iccete ādesā honti vā.
      'Dis': this root may become 'pass', 'diss' or 'dakkh'.
Declension
Declension table of "धातु" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)धातु (dhātu)धातवो (dhātavo) or धातू (dhātū)
Accusative (second)धातुं (dhātuṃ)धातवो (dhātavo) or धातू (dhātū)
Instrumental (third)धातुना (dhātunā)धातूहि (dhātūhi) or धातूभि (dhātūbhi)
Dative (fourth)धातुस्स (dhātussa) or धातुनो (dhātuno)धातूनं (dhātūnaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)धातुस्मा (dhātusmā) or धातुम्हा (dhātumhā)धातूहि (dhātūhi) or धातूभि (dhātūbhi)
Genitive (sixth)धातुस्स (dhātussa) or धातुनो (dhātuno)धातूनं (dhātūnaṃ)
Locative (seventh)धातुस्मिं (dhātusmiṃ) or धातुम्हि (dhātumhi)धातूसु (dhātūsu)
Vocative (calling)धातु (dhātu)धातवे (dhātave) or धातवो (dhātavo)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Maybe inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁-tu-, in that case cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬜𐬁𐬙𐬎 (vīδātu, “justification, providence”), Lithuanian dė́tų (“putting, placing”, w:supine) (dated), Old Church Slavonic дѣтъ (dětŭ, “putting, placing”, supine). Can be deconstructed as धा (dhā, “to put, place”) +‎ -तु (-tu) (see दधाति (dádhāti)). The Sanskrit meaning may be explained as having developed from a resultative, ie “*the outcome of putting down”.

Pronunciation

Noun

धातु • (dhā́tu) stem, m

  1. layer, stratum
  2. constituent part, ingredient
  3. element, primitive matter
  4. a constituent element or essential ingredient of the body
  5. primary element of the earth; i.e. metal, mineral, ore (especially a red mineral)
  6. (grammar) verbal root

Declension

Masculine u-stem declension of धातु
singular dual plural
nominative धातुः (dhā́tuḥ) धातू (dhā́tū) धातवः (dhā́tavaḥ)
accusative धातुम् (dhā́tum) धातू (dhā́tū) धातून् (dhā́tūn)
instrumental धातुना (dhā́tunā)
धात्वा¹ (dhā́tvā¹) 		धातुभ्याम् (dhā́tubhyām) धातुभिः (dhā́tubhiḥ)
dative धातवे (dhā́tave)
धात्वे¹ (dhā́tve¹) 		धातुभ्याम् (dhā́tubhyām) धातुभ्यः (dhā́tubhyaḥ)
ablative धातोः (dhā́toḥ)
धात्वः¹ (dhā́tvaḥ¹) 		धातुभ्याम् (dhā́tubhyām) धातुभ्यः (dhā́tubhyaḥ)
genitive धातोः (dhā́toḥ)
धात्वः¹ (dhā́tvaḥ¹) 		धात्वोः (dhā́tvoḥ) धातूनाम् (dhā́tūnām)
locative धातौ (dhā́tau) धात्वोः (dhā́tvoḥ) धातुषु (dhā́tuṣu)
vocative धातो (dhā́to) धातू (dhā́tū) धातवः (dhā́tavaḥ)
  • ¹Vedic

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 101f.
  2. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen ‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 784
  3. ^ Wackernagel, Jakob, Albert Debrunner (1896-1964) Altindische Grammatik (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher)‎ (in German), Vol. II.2: Die Nominalsuffixe, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, published 1954, §488, pages 663-65

Further reading

  • Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “धातु”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
  • Monier Williams (1899) “धातु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 513.
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