坎

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坎 U+574E, 坎
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-574E
← 坍
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 坏 →
See also: ☵

Translingual

Han character

坎 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 土弓人 (GNO), four-corner 47182, composition ⿰土欠)

Derived characters

Further reading

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 225, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4928
  • Dae Jaweon: page 460, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 425, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+574E

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 坎
alternative forms 埳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 坎
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (欠) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
坎 *kʰoːmʔ, *kʰoːms
扻 *kʰoːmʔ
砍 *kʰoːmʔ
芡 *ɡromʔ
欠 *kʰoms
杴 *qʰom
鍁 *qʰam

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːmʔ, *kʰoːms) : semantic 土 (“earth; soil”) + phonetic 欠 (OC *kʰoms).

Etymology

Related to 磡 (OC *kʰuːms, “embankment”) (Schuessler, 2007); see there for more.

Pronunciation

Note: ham3 - in 赤坎.
Rime
Character 坎
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 覃 (159)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦感切
Baxter khomX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰʌmX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰəmX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰɒmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰəmX/
Li
Rong 		/kʰᴀmX/
Wang
Li 		/kʰɒmX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kʰămX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		kǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ham2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 坎
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		kǎn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khomX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʰˁomʔ/
English pit (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 坎 坎
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 10269 10272
Phonetic
component 		欠 欠
Rime
group 		談 談
Rime
subdivision 		3 3
Corresponding
MC rime 		坎 勘
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰoːmʔ/ /*kʰoːms/
Notes 墈正體

Definitions

坎

  1. (literary) pit; hole
  2. bank or ridge between fields
    田坎  ―  tiánkǎn  ―  ridge between fields
  3. critical juncture (Classifier: 道 m)
  4. 6th of the 8 trigrams (☵)
  5. 29th hexagram of the I Ching (䷜)
  6. Short for 坎德拉 (kǎndélā).
  7. a surname

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Proto-Tai: *C̬.kumᴬ

References

Japanese

Kanji

坎

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: こん (kon)
  • Kan-on: かん (kan)
  • Kun: あな (ana, 坎)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
坎
かん
Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 坎 (MC khomX).

Pronunciation

Noun

坎(かん) • (kan) 

  1. pit; hole; pitfall
  2. one of the eight trigrams: ☵

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

坎 (eum 감 (gam))

  1. pit, hole
  2. snare, trap
  3. crisis

Vietnamese

Han character

坎: Hán Việt readings: khảm
坎: Nôm readings: khóm, khúm, khăm, khảm, khẳm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia