悠久

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Chinese

at ease; long (in time); sad (long) time; (long) duration of time
trad. (悠久) 悠 久
simp. #(悠久) 悠 久

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 悠 久
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 以周切 舉有切
Baxter yuw kjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jɨu/ /kɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiu/ /kiuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/iəu/ /kiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/juw/ /kuwX/
Li
Rong 		/iu/ /kiuX/
Wang
Li 		/jĭəu/ /kĭəuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯ə̯u/ /ki̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yóu jiǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jau4 gau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 悠 久
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yōu jiǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yuw › ‹ kjuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*liw/ /*ʷəʔ/
English long-brooding a long time

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 悠 久
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 15479 6969
Phonetic
component 		攸 久
Rime
group 		幽 之
Rime
subdivision 		2 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		猷 久
Old
Chinese 		/*lɯw/ /*kʷlɯʔ/

Adjective

悠久

  1. age-old; long-standing; time-honoured
    歷史悠久／历史悠久  ―  lìshǐ yōujiǔ  ―  to have a long history

Synonyms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (悠久):
  • → Japanese: 悠久(ゆうきゅう) (yūkyū)
  • → Korean: 유구(悠久) (yugu)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
悠 久
ゆう
Grade: S 		きゅう
Grade: 5
kan'on

Pronunciation

Adjective

悠(ゆう)久(きゅう) • (yūkyū) -na (adnominal 悠(ゆう)久(きゅう)な (yūkyū na), adverbial 悠(ゆう)久(きゅう)に (yūkyū ni))

  1. eternal, continuous, long-lasting
    悠(ゆう)久(きゅう)な大(だい)自(し)然(ぜん)
    yūkyū na daishizen
    eternal nature

Inflection

Inflection of 悠久
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 悠久だろ ゆうきゅうだろ yūkyū daro
Continuative (連用形) 悠久で ゆうきゅうで yūkyū de
Terminal (終止形) 悠久だ ゆうきゅうだ yūkyū da
Attributive (連体形) 悠久な ゆうきゅうな yūkyū na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 悠久なら ゆうきゅうなら yūkyū nara
Imperative (命令形) 悠久であれ ゆうきゅうであれ yūkyū de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 悠久ではない
悠久じゃない 		ゆうきゅうではない
ゆうきゅうじゃない 		yūkyū de wa nai
yūkyū ja nai
Informal past 悠久だった ゆうきゅうだった yūkyū datta
Informal negative past 悠久ではなかった
悠久じゃなかった 		ゆうきゅうではなかった
ゆうきゅうじゃなかった 		yūkyū de wa nakatta
yūkyū ja nakatta
Formal 悠久です ゆうきゅうです yūkyū desu
Formal negative 悠久ではありません
悠久じゃありません 		ゆうきゅうではありません
ゆうきゅうじゃありません 		yūkyū de wa arimasen
yūkyū ja arimasen
Formal past 悠久でした ゆうきゅうでした yūkyū deshita
Formal negative past 悠久ではありませんでした
悠久じゃありませんでした 		ゆうきゅうではありませんでした
ゆうきゅうじゃありませんでした 		yūkyū de wa arimasen deshita
yūkyū ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 悠久で ゆうきゅうで yūkyū de
Conditional 悠久なら（ば） ゆうきゅうなら（ば） yūkyū nara (ba)
Provisional 悠久だったら ゆうきゅうだったら yūkyū dattara
Volitional 悠久だろう ゆうきゅうだろう yūkyū darō
Adverbial 悠久に ゆうきゅうに yūkyū ni
Degree 悠久さ ゆうきゅうさ yūkyūsa

Noun

悠(ゆう)久(きゅう) • (yūkyū) 

  1. something that lasts for a long time; something continuous
    悠(ゆう)久(きゅう)の歴(れき)史(し)
    yūkyū no rekishi
    a long history
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