掘
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See also: 撅
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Translingual
Han character
掘 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手尸山山 (QSUU), four-corner 57072, composition ⿰扌屈)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 438, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12264
- Dae Jaweon: page 787, character 10
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1909, character 2
- Unihan data for U+6398
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
掘 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 掘 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 聉 | *r̥ʰuːlʔ, *ŋrɯd, *ʔr'uːd, *ŋruːd |
| 贅 | *kljods |
| 祟 | *sqʰluds |
| 出 | *kʰljuds, *kʰljud |
| 茁 | *ʔl'ɯd, *skruːd, *skrod, *skrud |
| 欪 | *qʰlɯd, *l̥ʰud |
| 貀 | *ŋr'uːd |
| 袦 | *ŋr'oːd |
| 咄 | *ʔl'oːd, *ʔl'uːd |
| 柮 | *sɡloːd, *ʔl'uːd |
| 拙 | *kljod |
| 炪 | *kljod, *l̥ʰud |
| 掘 | *ɡlod, *ɡlud |
| 鈯 | *l'uːd |
| 啒 | *kluːd, *qʰluːd |
| 淈 | *kluːd, *ɡluːd |
| 窟 | *kʰluːd |
| 泏 | *kʰluːd, *ʔl'ud |
| 堀 | *kʰluːd, *ɡlud |
| 胐 | *kʰluːd |
| 窋 | *ʔl'ud |
| 絀 | *ʔl'ud |
| 黜 | *l̥ʰud |
| 屈 | *klud, *kʰlud |
| 趉 | *klud |
| 鶌 | *klud |
| 詘 | *kʰlud |
| 倔 | *ɡlud |
| 崛 | *ɡlud, *ŋɡlud |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡlod, *ɡlud) : semantic 扌 (“hand; action”) + phonetic 屈 (OC *klud, *kʰlud).
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-(k/g)wa-t (“to dig out; to scoop out”), cognate to Tibetan རྐོད་པ (rkod pa), རྐོ་བ (rko ba, “to dig; to hoe”) (STEDT). Possibly related to 決 (OC *kʷeːd, “to dig an outlet for water; to burst out”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gwat6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khu̍t
- Northern Min (KCR): gṳ̄
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8jiuq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jyué
- Wade–Giles: chüeh2
- Yale: jywé
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyue
- Palladius: цзюэ (czjue)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gwat6
- Yale: gwaht
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwat9
- Guangdong Romanization: gued6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷɐt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khu̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: kud
- Hagfa Pinyim: kud6
- Sinological IPA: /kʰut̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̄
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- “to dig; to beat”.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: gjut, gjwot
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ut/, /*ot/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡlud/, /*ɡlod/
Definitions
掘
- to dig; to excavate
- (Hakka) to scratch (with nails, claws)
- (Mainland China Hokkien) to beat; to hit; to strike (with a mallet, etc.)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 挖 (“to dig”)
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 挖 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 挖 |
| Malaysia | 挖 | |
| Singapore | 挖 | |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 挖 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 掘 |
| Xi'an | 挖 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 挖 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 挖 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 挖 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 掘 |
| Hong Kong | 掘 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 挖 |
| Pingxiang | 挖 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 挖 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 掘 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 搤, 摀, 挖 |
| Quanzhou | 搤, 挖 | |
| Jinjiang | 搤 | |
| Zhangzhou | 摀, 挖 | |
| Tainan | 搤, 摀 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 搤, 摀 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 搤 | |
| Leizhou | 掘 | |
| Haikou | 掘 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 挖 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 掘 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 挖 | |
| Suzhou | 掘 | |
| Wenzhou | 掘 | |
| Jinhua | 掘 | |
Compounds
- 挖掘 (wājué)
- 挖掘機 / 挖掘机 (wājuéjī)
- 掘井 (juéjǐng)
- 掘井及泉
- 掘取
- 掘土機 / 掘土机 (juétǔjī)
- 掘墓 (juémù)
- 掘墓人 (juémùrén)
- 掘子軍 / 掘子军
- 掘室求鼠
- 掘強 / 掘强
- 掘拾
- 採掘 / 采掘 (cǎijué)
- 掘斗
- 掘洞
- 掘穴
- 掘穿
- 掘筆 / 掘笔
- 掘足類 / 掘足类
- 掘金
- 掘金隊 / 掘金队
- 掘閱 / 掘阅
- 渴而掘井
- 發掘 / 发掘 (fājué)
- 羅掘 / 罗掘
- 羅掘一空 / 罗掘一空
- 羅掘俱窮 / 罗掘俱穷
- 羅雀掘鼠 / 罗雀掘鼠
- 臨噎掘井 / 临噎掘井
- 臨渴掘井 / 临渴掘井 (línkějuéjǐng)
- 自掘墳墓 / 自掘坟墓 (zìjuéfénmù)
- 軟土深掘 / 软土深掘
- 開掘 / 开掘 (kāijué)
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 掘 – see 窟 (“cave”). (This character is an obsolete form of 窟). |
Japanese
Kanji
掘
- to dig
Readings
Korean
Hanja
掘 • (gul, gwol) (hangeul 굴, 궐, revised gul, gwol, McCune–Reischauer kul, kwŏl, Yale kwul, kwel)
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Vietnamese
Han character
掘: Hán Nôm readings: quật, oặt, quặt, quất, quịt, quát, quạt
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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