掛ける

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Japanese

See also 掛かる

Etymology

Kanji in this term

Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese 掛く (kaku), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, lower bigrade conjugation) pattern.

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「掛ける
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
掛ける
Imperative (命令形) 掛けろ
Key constructions
Passive 掛けられる けられ
Causative 掛けさせる けさせ
Potential 掛けられる けられ
Volitional 掛けよう けよ
Negative 掛けない ない
Negative perfective 掛けなかった なかった
Formal 掛けます けま
Perfective 掛けた けた
Conjunctive 掛けて けて
Hypothetical conditional 掛ければ れば

Verb

()ける (kakeruichidan (stem () (kake), past ()けた (kaketa))

Japanese verb pair
active 掛ける
mediopassive 掛かる
  1. (transitive) hang (a picture, etc.); hoist; raise (a flag); fly (a kite)
    • 1907, 夏目漱石, 野分:
      先生(せんせい)はただ気品(きひん)のない()()けたものだと(おも)ったばかりである。
      Sensei wa tada kihin no nai ga o kaketa mono da to omotta bakari de aru.
      I always thought it was just some tasteless picture that the teacher had hung up.
  2. (transitive) multiply
    ()(さん)()ける(ろく)になる。
    Ni ni san o kakeru to roku ni naru.
    Multiply 2 by 3 and you get 6.
  3. to sit (on a chair or bench, but not on the floor)
    かけください
    o-kake kudasai
    please have a seat
    • 1937, 久生十蘭, 魔都:
      真名古(まなこ)(しず)かに椅子(いす)()けて(はやし)(かお)注視(ちゅうし)する。
      Manako wa shizuka ni isu ni kakete Hayashi no kao o chūshi suru.
      Manako sits in the chair quietly and examines Hayashi's face.
  4. to speak, to give an order etc., to call out, to call on the telephone
    • 1925, 国枝史郎, 郷介法師:
      その法師(ほうし)(こえ)()けた
      Sono hōshi wa koe o kaketa.
      The priest called out.
    • 1931, 永井荷風, つゆのあとさき:
      ちょっと電話(でんわ)()けてくれ。
      Chotto denwa o kakete kure.
      Give me a call.
  5. to pour onto, to shake onto, to splash, to drip
    • 1946, 織田作之助, 土曜夫人:
      ペッペッと、(みぎ)()(つば)()けて、げっぷをしていた。
      Peppetto, migi no te ni tsuba o kakete, geppu o shite ita.
      There he was, burping, with drool dripping onto his right hand.
  6. to wear a piece of clothing
    • 1908, 伊藤左千夫, 隣の嫁:
      省作(しょうさく)はそれにはかまわず、()()着物(きもの)()()けている。
      Shōsaku wa sore ni wa kamawazu, yu o dete kimono o kikakete iru.
      Shōsaku came out of the bath and wore his kimono without worrying about that.
  7. to pun (謎掛け)
    ○○とかけて××と()く。
    ○○ To kakete ×× to toku.
    (please add an English translation of this example)

Suffix

()ける (-kakeru

  1. to address someone, to direct, to do (something to someone)
    老人(ろうじん)(わたし)突然(とつぜんはな)かけた
    Rōjin ga watashi ni totsuzen hanashikaketa.
    An old man spoke to me suddenly.
  2. to be about to, to begin
    ()かけてやめる
    iikakete yameru
    about to speak something but didn't
  3. in the middle of, to begin (not complete)
    長編(ちょうへん)()かける
    chōhen o yomikakeru
    in the middle of reading a long novel

Usage notes

This term is often spelled in hiragana. As a suffix, attach after the 連用形(れんようけい) (ren'yōkei) or the -masu form of the verb.

Conjugation

Synonyms

  • (sit): (すわ) (suwaru) (to sit in general, including on the floor)

See also

Conjunction

()ける (kakeru

  1. (mathematics) times (multiplication)
    ()()ける(さん)(ろく)
    Ni kakeru san wa roku.
    2 times 3 is 6.

Coordinate terms

References

  1. ^ 掛・懸・賭・架”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  3. ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, Nationwide Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN