掛ける

From Old Japanese 掛く (kaku), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.

First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.^[1]

• (Tokyo) かける (Nakadaka – )^[2][3]
• IPA^(key):

掛(か)ける • (kakeru) ichidan (stem 掛(か)け (kake), past 掛(か)けた (kaketa))

1. (transitive) hang (a picture, etc.); hoist; raise (a flag); fly (a kite)
   • 1907, 夏目漱石, 野分:

     先生(せんせい)はただ気品(きひん)のない画(が)を掛(か)けたものだと思(おも)ったばかりである。

     Sensei wa tada kihin no nai ga o kaketa mono da to omotta bakari de aru.

     I always thought it was just some tasteless picture that the teacher had hung up.

2. (transitive) multiply

   ２(に)に３(さん)を掛(か)けると６(ろく)になる。

   Ni ni san o kakeru to roku ni naru.

   Multiply 2 by 3 and you get 6.

3. to sit (on a chair or bench, but not on the floor)

   おかけください

   o-kake kudasai

   please have a seat

   • 1937, 久生十蘭, 魔都:

     真名古(まなこ)は静(しず)かに椅子(いす)に掛(か)けて林(はやし)の顔(かお)を注視(ちゅうし)する。

     Manako wa shizuka ni isu ni kakete Hayashi no kao o chūshi suru.

     Manako sits in the chair quietly and examines Hayashi's face.

4. to speak, to give an order etc., to call out, to call on the telephone
   • 1925, 国枝史郎, 郷介法師:

     その法師(ほうし)は声(こえ)を掛(か)けた。

     Sono hōshi wa koe o kaketa.

     The priest called out.

   • 1931, 永井荷風, つゆのあとさき:

     ちょっと電話(でんわ)を掛(か)けてくれ。

     Chotto denwa o kakete kure.

     Give me a call.

5. to pour onto, to shake onto, to splash, to drip
   • 1946, 織田作之助, 土曜夫人:

     ペッペッと、右(みぎ)の手(て)に唾(つば)を掛(か)けて、げっぷをしていた。

     Peppetto, migi no te ni tsuba o kakete, geppu o shite ita.

     There he was, burping, with drool dripping onto his right hand.

6. to wear a piece of clothing
   • 1908, 伊藤左千夫, 隣の嫁:

     省作(しょうさく)はそれにはかまわず、湯(ゆ)を出(で)て着物(きもの)を着(き)掛(か)けている。

     Shōsaku wa sore ni wa kamawazu, yu o dete kimono o kikakete iru.

     Shōsaku came out of the bath and wore his kimono without worrying about that.

7. to pun (謎掛け)

   ○○とかけて××と解(と)く。

   ○○ To kakete ×× to toku.

   (please add an English translation of this example)

掛(か)ける • (-kakeru) 

1. to address someone, to direct, to do (something to someone)

   老人(ろうじん)が私(わたし)に突然話(とつぜんはな)しかけた。

   Rōjin ga watashi ni totsuzen hanashikaketa.

   An old man spoke to me suddenly.

2. to be about to, to begin

   言(い)いかけてやめる

   iikakete yameru

   about to speak something but didn't

3. in the middle of, to begin (not complete)

   長編(ちょうへん)を読(よ)みかける

   chōhen o yomikakeru

   in the middle of reading a long novel

This term is often spelled in hiragana. As a suffix, attach after the 連用形(れんようけい) (ren'yōkei) or the -masu form of the verb.

• (sit): 座(すわ)る (suwaru) (to sit in general, including on the floor)

• 掛(か)かる (kakaru)

• (to pun): もじる (mojiru)

掛(か)ける • (kakeru) 

1. (mathematics) times (multiplication)

   ２(に)掛(か)ける３(さん)は６(ろく)。

   Ni kakeru san wa roku.

   2 times 3 is 6.

• 足(た)す (tasu)
• 引(ひ)く (hiku)
• 割(わ)る (waru)