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油断. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
油断, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
油断 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
油断 you have here. The definition of the word
油断 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
油断, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Japanese
| Alternative spelling
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| 油斷 (kyūjitai)
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Etymology
Unclear, with multiple theories.
- From the story of the 油鉢 (yuhatsu, “pot of oil”) in the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra (大般涅槃経); see 大般涅槃経#油断大敵.
譬如世間有諸大眾，滿二十五里。王敕一臣持一油缽，經由中過，莫令傾覆。若棄一滴，當斷汝命。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
譬如世间有诸大众，满二十五里。王敕一臣持一油钵，经由中过，莫令倾覆。若弃一滴，当断汝命。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- Pìrú shìjiān yǒu zhū dàzhòng, mǎn èrshíwǔ lǐ. Wáng chì yī chén chí yī yóubō, jīngyóu zhōng guò, mò lìng qīngfù. Ruò qì yī dī, dāng duàn rǔ mìng.
- For example, in our world there is a large crowd, filling 25 li. The king ordered a minister: "Carry a pot of oil and pass through the crowd; do not let it tip. If a single drop falls out, your life shall end."
- Sound change from 寛に (yuta ni).
- There is a lamp in Enryaku-ji (延暦寺) that has been alight since the time of Saichō (最澄), its founder, and 油断 (literally “oil + end”) refers to not letting it go out.
The term is not understood in other parts of the Sinosphere.
Pronunciation
Noun
油断 • (yudan)
- being unprepared
Derived terms
- 油断大敵 (yudantaiteki, “unpreparedness is the greatest enemy”)
Verb
油断する • (yudan suru) suru (stem 油断し (yudan shi), past 油断した (yudan shita))
- to be caught off-guard; to be unprepared
- 油断するな
- yudan suruna
- don't let catch you off-guard; keep your guard up; stay alert
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
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| Mizenkei ("imperfective")
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油断し
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ゆだんし
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yudan shi
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| Ren’yōkei ("continuative")
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油断し
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ゆだんし
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yudan shi
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| Shūshikei ("terminal")
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油断する
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ゆだんする
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yudan suru
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| Rentaikei ("attributive")
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油断する
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ゆだんする
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yudan suru
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| Kateikei ("hypothetical")
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油断すれ
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ゆだんすれ
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yudan sure
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| Meireikei ("imperative")
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油断せよ¹
油断しろ²
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ゆだんせよ¹
ゆだんしろ²
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yudan seyo¹
yudan shiro²
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| Key constructions
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| Passive
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油断される
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ゆだんされる
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yudan sareru
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| Causative
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油断させる
油断さす
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ゆだんさせる
ゆだんさす
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yudan saseru
yudan sasu
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| Potential
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油断できる
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ゆだんできる
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yudan dekiru
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| Volitional
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油断しよう
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ゆだんしよう
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yudan shiyō
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| Negative
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油断しない
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ゆだんしない
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yudan shinai
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| Negative continuative
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油断せず
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ゆだんせず
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yudan sezu
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| Formal
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油断します
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ゆだんします
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yudan shimasu
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| Perfective
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油断した
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ゆだんした
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yudan shita
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| Conjunctive
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油断して
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ゆだんして
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yudan shite
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| Hypothetical conditional
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油断すれば
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ゆだんすれば
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yudan sureba
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¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
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References