τραχύς

• τρηχῠ́ς (trēkhús) — Epic, Ionic

From Proto-Hellenic *tʰrākʰús (whence Mycenaean Greek 𐀲𐀨𐀐𐀹(𐀊) (ta-ra-ke-wi-(-ja-))), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰréh₂gʰ-us ~ *dʰr̥h₂gʰ-éws (“rough”), from *dʰreh₂gʰ- (“to irritate”).^[1] Compare θρᾱ́σσω (thrā́ssō).^[2]

τρᾱχῠ́ς • (trākhús) m (feminine τρᾱχεῖᾰ, neuter τρᾱχῠ́); first/third declension

1. jagged
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.5
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, On Horsemanship 9.9
   • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On the Senses 65
2. prickly
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.32e
3. rugged
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.5
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.14
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.23
   • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 726
   • 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 1083
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cynegeticus 4.10
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Titus Flamininus 4
   • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 328e
4. rough
   • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, On Diseases 2.63
   • 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.418
   • Diocl., Fr. 26
   • 50 CE – 150 CE, Soranus, Collected Works 2.16
5. shaggy
   • 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 408d
   • 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 194e
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 3.10.1
6. (of the voice of boys) cracking
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 581a.18
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Gaius Marius 14
7. harsh
   • 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 67c
   1. (of a person)
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 2.6.9
      • 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 14.2.28
   2. (of sounds)
      • 110 BCE – 35 BCE, Philodemus, Po.Herc. 994.32
   3. (of battle and conflict)
      • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 119
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Isthmian Ode 4.17
      • 556 BCE – 468 BCE, Simonides, Fragmenta 89
      • Tyrt.,   12.22
   4. (of natural forces)
      • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 1048
      • 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 84c
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Alexander the Great 60
      • 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 1.1078
8. (of persons, their acts, feelings, or conditions) rough, harsh, savage
   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 4.96
   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 7.76
   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 8.10
   • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 35
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1421
   • 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 1049
   • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 313
   • 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 447
   • 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 63e
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 864c
   • 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Cratylus 406a
   • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 452c
   • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 7.18
   • 638 BCE – 558 BCE, Solon, Collected Works 4.35

• Greek: τραχύς (trachýs)
• (from ellipsis of τρᾱχεῖᾰ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (trākheîa artēríā, “rough artery”)) → Late Latin: trāchīa
  • Medieval Latin: trāchēa
    • Middle English:
      • English: trachea

• “τραχύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

From Ancient Greek τρᾱχύς (trākhús).

τραχύς • (trachýs) m (feminine τραχιά or τραχεία, neuter τραχύ)

1. abrasive, of coarse manner, gruff, grating