تم

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See also: بم, ثم, يم, and نم

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ت م م (t-m-m)

Cognate with Hebrew תם (tám).

Pronunciation

Verb

تَمَّ • (tamma) I, non-past يَتِمُّ‎ (yatimmu)

  1. to be fulfilled, to be completed
  2. (proscribed) to come about, to happen, to take place
  3. to persist (in) (with عَلَى (ʕalā))
  4. to continue (something) (with عَلَى (ʕalā))
Usage notes
  • Particularly in newspaper and media style, تَمَّ (tamma) is often used with a verbal noun as its subject to express the English passive:
تَمَّ ٱعْتِقالُ عَدَدٍ مِنَ ٱلْعَناصِرِ ٱلْإرْهابِيَّةِ فِي ٱلْقاهِرَةِ لَيْلَةَ ٱلْأَمْسِ.
tamma ʕtiqālu ʕadadin mina l-ʕanāṣiri l-ʔirhābiyyati fī l-qāhirati laylata l-ʔamsi.
A number of terrorist militants were arrested in Cairo last night.
Conjugation
Conjugation of
تَمَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal nouns تَمّ or تِمّ or تُمّ or تَمَام or تِمَام or تُمَام or تَمَامَة or تِمَامَة)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
تَمّ or تِمّ or تُمّ or تَمَام or تِمَام or تُمَام or تَمَامَة or تِمَامَة

tamm or timm or tumm or tamām or timām or tumām or tamāma or timāma
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
tāmm
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
matmūm
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
tamamtu
tamamta
تَمَّ

tamma
tamamtumā
tammā
tamamnā
tamamtum
tammū
f
tamamti
tammat
tammatā
tamamtunna
tamamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔatimmu
tatimmu
yatimmu
tatimmāni
yatimmāni
natimmu
tatimmūna
yatimmūna
f
tatimmīna
tatimmu
tatimmāni
tatmimna
yatmimna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔatimma
tatimma
yatimma
tatimmā
yatimmā
natimma
tatimmū
yatimmū
f
tatimmī
tatimma
tatimmā
tatmimna
yatmimna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔatimma or ʔatimmi or ʔatmim
tatimma or tatimmi or tatmim
yatimma or yatimmi or yatmim
tatimmā
yatimmā
natimma or natimmi or natmim
tatimmū
yatimmū
f
tatimmī
tatimma or tatimmi or tatmim
tatimmā
tatmimna
yatmimna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
تِمَّ or تِمِّ or اِتْمِمْ

timma or timmi or itmim
timmā
timmū
f
timmī
itmimna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m — —
تُمَّ

tumma 		— — — — —
f — — — — —
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m — —
yutammu 		— — — — —
f — — — — —
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m — —
yutamma 		— — — — —
f — — — — —
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m — —
yutamma or yutammi or yutmam 		— — — — —
f — — — — —

Noun

تَمّ or تِمّ or تُمّ • (tamm or timm or tumm) m

  1. verbal noun of تَمَّ (tamma) (form I)
Declension
Declension of noun تَمّ (tamm)‎; تِمّ (timm)‎; تُمّ (tumm)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal تَمّ‎; تِمّ‎; تُمّ
tamm‎; timm‎; tumm 		التَّمّ‎; التِّمّ‎; التُّمّ
at-tamm‎; at-timm‎; at-tumm 		تَمّ‎; تِمّ‎; تُمّ
tamm‎; timm‎; tumm
Nominative تَمٌّ‎; تِمٌّ‎; تُمٌّ
tammun‎; timmun‎; tummun 		التَّمُّ‎; التِّمُّ‎; التُّمُّ
at-tammu‎; at-timmu‎; at-tummu 		تَمُّ‎; تِمُّ‎; تُمُّ
tammu‎; timmu‎; tummu
Accusative تَمًّا‎; تِمًّا‎; تُمًّا
tamman‎; timman‎; tumman 		التَّمَّ‎; التِّمَّ‎; التُّمَّ
at-tamma‎; at-timma‎; at-tumma 		تَمَّ‎; تِمَّ‎; تُمَّ
tamma‎; timma‎; tumma
Genitive تَمٍّ‎; تِمٍّ‎; تُمٍّ
tammin‎; timmin‎; tummin 		التَّمِّ‎; التِّمِّ‎; التُّمِّ
at-tammi‎; at-timmi‎; at-tummi 		تَمِّ‎; تِمِّ‎; تُمِّ
tammi‎; timmi‎; tummi

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

تَمّ • (tamm) m

  1. swan (Cygnus gen. et spp.)
    Synonym: إِوَزٌّ عِرَاقِيّ (ʔiwazzun ʕirāqiyy)
Declension
Declension of noun تَمّ (tamm)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal تَمّ
tamm 		التَّمّ
at-tamm 		تَمّ
tamm
Nominative تَمٌّ
tammun 		التَّمُّ
at-tammu 		تَمُّ
tammu
Accusative تَمًّا
tamman 		التَّمَّ
at-tamma 		تَمَّ
tamma
Genitive تَمٍّ
tammin 		التَّمِّ
at-tammi 		تَمِّ
tammi

References

  • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “تم”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 206
  • Lane, Edward William (1863) “تم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 315
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “تم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 117
  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “تم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 187

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic ثَمَّ (ṯamma).

Pronunciation

Adverb

تم • (tamm)

  1. Alternative form of تمة (tamma): there

Persian

Etymology 1

Middle Persian (tom, tam, “dark”), from Proto-Iranian *támHah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas, from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”), from *temH- (“dark”).

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? tam
Dari reading? tam
Iranian reading? tam
Tajik reading? tam

Noun

تَم • (tam)

  1. (archaic) darkness, blackness
  2. a disease in the eye, the web or cataract on the pupil
  3. any veil or covering

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French thème.

Pronunciation

Readings
Iranian reading? tem

Noun

تِم • (tem)

  1. theme

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic فَم (fam) through فُمّ (fumm) and then dissimilated ثُمّ (ṯumm).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tumm/,
  • IPA(key): /temm/,
  • Audio (Ramallah)(file)

Noun

تم • (tumm, temm) m (plural تمام (tmām))

  1. mouth

Urdu

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa तुम्हि (tumhi), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe), from Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān, acc. pl.) adopting the initial sounds of त्वम् (tvám, nom. sg.).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

تُم • (tum) (Hindi spelling तुम)

  1. (semiformal, familiar) second-person subjective or objective personal pronoun, grammatically plural: you, ye; Early Modern English ye.
    کیا تم مجھ سے محبت کرتی ہو؟
    kyā tum mujh-se mohabbat kartī ho?
    Do you love me?
    تم جیسے لوگوں کی ہی ضرورت ہے یہاں۔
    tum jaise logõ kī hī zarūrat hai yahā̃.
    People like you are needed here.

Usage notes

  • تم is the mid level formal way of expressing "you" in Urdu and is used when addressing those of equal social status or those one has a close enough relationship with to justify the reduced formality. Because the less formal forms could offend others, آپ (āp) is the safest way to express "you" unless there is reason to be less formal.
  • Because تم is grammatically plural (adjectives and verbs etc affected by it take their plural forms) even when there is only one person being referred to, the term تم لوگ (literally: you people) can be used to specify that more than one person is being referred to.

Determiner

تُم • (tum) (Hindi spelling तुम)

  1. The individual or group spoken or written to; you, ye, Early Modern English ye.
    تم احمق کوئی کام کے نہیں ہو۔
    tum ahmaq ko'ī kām ke nahī̃ ho.
    You idiots are of no use.

Declension

declension of تم
direct تم (tum)
indirect تم (tum)
ergative تم نے (tum-ne)
genitive تمھارا (tumhārā)
dative/
accusative 		تمھیں (tmhẽ) (tumhẽ), تم کو (tum-ko)


See also

  • آپ (āp) - formal, polite, grammatically plural
  • تُو (tū) - informal, intimate, contemptuous or possibly vulgar, grammatically singular
Urdu personal pronouns
Person Description Direct case Indirect case Ergative case Dative/Accusative case
1st person singular مَیں (ma͠i) مُجھ (mujh) مَیں نے (ma͠i ne) مُجھ کو (mujh ko),

مُجھے (mujhe)

formal (rare) خَاکْسَار (xāksār) خَاکْسَار نے (xāksār ne) خَاکْسَار کو (xāksār ko)
plural ہَم (ham) ہَم نے (ham ne) ہَم کو (ham ko),

ہَمیں (hamẽ)

2nd person informal (intimate) تُو (tū) تُجھ (tujh) تُو نے (tū ne) تُجھ کو (tujh ko),

تُجھے (tujhe)

semiformal (familiar) تُم (tum) تُم نے (tum ne) تُم کو (tum ko),

تُمْہیں (tumhẽ)

formal (polite) آپ (āp) آپ نے (āp ne) آپ کو (āp ko)
3rd person proximal singular / informal یہ (ye) اِس (is) اِس نے (is ne) اِس کو (is ko),

اِسے (ise)

plural / formal اِن (in) اِنْہوں نے (inhõ ne) اِن کو (in ko),

اِنْہیں (inhẽ)

distal singular / informal وُہ (vo) اُس (us) اُس نے (us ne) اُس کو (us ko),

اُسے (use)

plural / formal اُن (un) اُنْہوں نے (unhõ ne) اُن کو (un ko),

اُنْہیں (unhẽ)

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