जाति

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See also: जाता, जंतु, ज़ात, जीत, जूता, ज़ाती, and जाती

Hindi

Etymology

    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-
    Proto-Indo-European *-tis
    Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis
    Sanskrit जा॒ति (jātí)bor.
    Hindi जाति (jāti)

    Borrowed from Sanskrit जा॒ति (jātí).

    Pronunciation

    • (Delhi) IPA(key): /d͡ʒɑː.t̪iː/,

    Noun

    जाति • (jāti) f (Urdu spelling جاتی)

    1. birth
    2. caste; subcaste, community; community placed in at birth
    3. high caste
    4. race
    5. (taxonomy) species
    6. tribe, nationality, lineage

    Declension

    Declension of जाति (fem i-stem)
    singular plural
    direct जाति
    jāti     		जातियाँ
    jātiyā̃
    oblique जाति
    jāti     		जातियों
    jātiyõ
    vocative जाति
    jāti     		जातियो
    jātiyo

    Derived terms

    Nepali

    Etymology

      Etymology tree
      Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-
      Proto-Indo-European *-tis
      Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis
      Sanskrit जा॒ति (jātí)bor.
      Nepali जाति (jāti)

      Borrowed from Sanskrit जा॒ति (jātí).

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key):
      • Phonetic Devanagari: जाति

      Noun

      जाति • (jāti)

      1. ethnic group
      2. race

      Pali

      Alternative forms

      Alternative scripts

      Noun

      जाति f

      1. Devanagari script form of jāti

      Sanskrit

      Alternative scripts

      Alternative scripts

      Etymology

        Etymology tree
        Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-
        Proto-Indo-European *-tis
        Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis
        Sanskrit जा॒ति (jātí)

        Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́aHtíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́áHtiš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth, production”). Cognate with Latin gēns, Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis), Proto-Germanic *kinþiz. By surface analysis, जन् (jan, root) +‎ -ति (-ti).

        Pronunciation

        Noun

        जा॒ति • (jātí) stem, f

        1. birth, production
        2. rebirth
        3. the form of existence (as man, animal, etc.) fixed by birth
        4. position assigned by birth, rank, caste, family, race, lineage
        5. kind, genus (as opposed to species), species (as opposed to individual), class
        6. the generic properties (as opposed to the specific ones)
        7. the character of a species, genuine or true state of anything
        8. reduction of fractions to a common denominator
        9. a self-confuting reply (founded merely on similarity or dissimilarity)
        10. a particular figure of speech
        11. a class of metres
        12. a manner of singing
        13. fireplace
        14. mace, nutmeg

        Declension

        Feminine i-stem declension of जाति (jātí)
        Singular Dual Plural
        Nominative जातिः
        jātíḥ         		जाती
        jātī́         		जातयः
        jātáyaḥ
        Vocative जाते
        jā́te         		जाती
        jā́tī         		जातयः
        jā́tayaḥ
        Accusative जातिम्
        jātím         		जाती
        jātī́         		जातीः
        jātī́ḥ
        Instrumental जात्या / जाती¹
        jātyā́ / jātī́¹         		जातिभ्याम्
        jātíbhyām         		जातिभिः
        jātíbhiḥ
        Dative जातये / जात्यै² / जाती¹
        jātáye / jātyaí² / jātī́¹         		जातिभ्याम्
        jātíbhyām         		जातिभ्यः
        jātíbhyaḥ
        Ablative जातेः / जात्याः² / जात्यै³
        jātéḥ / jātyā́ḥ² / jātyaí³         		जातिभ्याम्
        jātíbhyām         		जातिभ्यः
        jātíbhyaḥ
        Genitive जातेः / जात्याः² / जात्यै³
        jātéḥ / jātyā́ḥ² / jātyaí³         		जात्योः
        jātyóḥ         		जातीनाम्
        jātīnā́m
        Locative जातौ / जात्याम्² / जाता¹
        jātaú / jātyā́m² / jātā́¹         		जात्योः
        jātyóḥ         		जातिषु
        jātíṣu
        Notes
        • ¹Vedic
        • ²Later Sanskrit
        • ³Brāhmaṇas

        Borrowed terms

        • Pali: jāti
        • Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀇 (jāi)
        Borrowed terms

        References

        • Monier Williams (1899) “जाति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 418/1.
        • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 583
        • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jāti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 285
        • Milena Hübschmannová (2002 February) “Jati (Caste)”, in ROMBASE Cultural Database‎, Prague, archived from the original on 19 August 2021
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