जाति

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See also: जाता, जंतु, ज़ात, जीत, जूता, ज़ाती, and जाती

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit जाति (jātí).

Pronunciation

  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /d͡ʒɑː.t̪iː/,

Noun

जाति • (jāti) f (Urdu spelling جاتی)

  1. birth
  2. caste; subcaste, community; community placed in at birth
  3. high caste
  4. race
  5. (taxonomy) species
  6. tribe, nationality, lineage

Declension

Declension of जाति (fem i-stem)
singular plural
direct जाति
jāti 		जातियाँ
jātiyā̃
oblique जाति
jāti 		जातियों
jātiyõ
vocative जाति
jāti 		जातियो
jātiyo

Derived terms

Related terms

Nepali

Pronunciation

Noun

जाति • (jāti)

  1. ethnic group
  2. race

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

Noun

जाति f

  1. Devanagari script form of jāti

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́aHtíṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́áHtiš, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (“birth, production”). Cognate with Latin gēns, Ancient Greek γένεσις (génesis), Proto-Germanic *kinþiz. The Sanskrit root is जन् (jan).

Pronunciation

Noun

जाति • (jātí) stem, f

  1. birth, production
  2. rebirth
  3. the form of existence (as man, animal, etc.) fixed by birth
  4. position assigned by birth, rank, caste, family, race, lineage
  5. kind, genus (as opposed to species), species (as opposed to individual), class
  6. the generic properties (as opposed to the specific ones)
  7. the character of a species, genuine or true state of anything
  8. reduction of fractions to a common denominator
  9. a self-confuting reply (founded merely on similarity or dissimilarity)
  10. a particular figure of speech
  11. a class of metres
  12. a manner of singing
  13. fireplace
  14. mace, nutmeg

Declension

Feminine i-stem declension of जाति (jātí)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative जातिः
jātíḥ 		जाती
jātī́ 		जातयः
jātáyaḥ
Vocative जाते
jā́te 		जाती
jā́tī 		जातयः
jā́tayaḥ
Accusative जातिम्
jātím 		जाती
jātī́ 		जातीः
jātī́ḥ
Instrumental जात्या / जाती¹
jātyā́ / jātī́¹ 		जातिभ्याम्
jātíbhyām 		जातिभिः
jātíbhiḥ
Dative जातये / जात्यै² / जाती¹
jātáye / jātyaí² / jātī́¹ 		जातिभ्याम्
jātíbhyām 		जातिभ्यः
jātíbhyaḥ
Ablative जातेः / जात्याः² / जात्यै³
jātéḥ / jātyā́ḥ² / jātyaí³ 		जातिभ्याम्
jātíbhyām 		जातिभ्यः
jātíbhyaḥ
Genitive जातेः / जात्याः² / जात्यै³
jātéḥ / jātyā́ḥ² / jātyaí³ 		जात्योः
jātyóḥ 		जातीनाम्
jātīnā́m
Locative जातौ / जात्याम्² / जाता¹
jātaú / jātyā́m² / jātā́¹ 		जात्योः
jātyóḥ 		जातिषु
jātíṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Later Sanskrit
  • ³Brāhmaṇas

Borrowed terms

References

  • Monier Williams (1899) “जाति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 418/1.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 583
  • Milena Hübschmannová (2002 February) “Jati (Caste)”, in ROMBASE Cultural Database‎, Prague, archived from the original on 19 August 2021
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