愚忠

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Chinese

stupid loyal
trad. (愚忠)
simp. #(愚忠)

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (31) (9)
Final () (24) (2)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter ngju trjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋɨo/ /ʈɨuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋio/ /ʈiuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋio/ /ȶiuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋuə̆/ /ʈuwŋ/
Li
Rong
/ŋio/ /ȶiuŋ/
Wang
Li
/ŋĭu/ /ȶĭuŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯u/ /ȶi̯uŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhōng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jyu4 zung1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhōng
Middle
Chinese
‹ trjuwng ›
Old
Chinese
/*truŋ/
English loyal

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 15919 17408
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋo/ /*tuŋ/

Noun

愚忠

  1. (literary, archaic, humble) loyalty without talent; the condition of being loyal yet incompetent (humble term referring to one's own efforts or opinions when addressing a sovereign)
  2. blind and unthinking loyalty; the state of being loyal to such extent that one's own judgement is surrendered; loyalty to an unworthy leader or cause