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Chinese
Pronunciation
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
| Character
|
忠
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
|
zhōng
|
Middle
Chinese
|
‹ trjuwng ›
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*truŋ/
|
| English
|
loyal
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
愚
|
忠
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
| No.
|
15919
|
17408
|
Phonetic
component
|
禺
|
中
|
Rime
group
|
侯
|
終
|
Rime
subdivision
|
0
|
0
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
|
中
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*ŋo/
|
/*tuŋ/
|
Noun
愚忠
- (literary, archaic, humble) loyalty without talent; the condition of being loyal yet incompetent (humble term referring to one's own efforts or opinions when addressing a sovereign)
王命之，臣敢對，因竭其愚忠。
王命之，臣敢对，因竭其愚忠。 - From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Wáng mìng zhī, chén gǎn duì, yīn jié qí yúzhōng.
- Your Majesty have given me an order, and I, your subject, would venture to say a word (before carrying it out), so that this incompetent man's loyal service may be duly rendered without reservations.
- blind and unthinking loyalty; the state of being loyal to such extent that one's own judgement is surrendered; loyalty to an unworthy leader or cause