樂土

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Chinese

		happy	land
trad. (樂土)		樂	土
simp. (乐土)		乐	土

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lètǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lok⁶ tou⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lo̍k-thô͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lètǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lètǔ
  - Wade–Giles: lê⁴-tʻu³
  - Yale: lè-tǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lehtuu
  - Palladius: лэту (lɛtu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɤ⁵¹ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lok⁶ tou⁵
  - Yale: lohk tóuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lok⁹ tou⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: log⁶ tou⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːk̚² tʰou̯¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍k-thô͘
  - Tâi-lô: lo̍k-thôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: logtoo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tʰɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔk̚²⁴⁻² tʰɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰɔ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tʰɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tʰɔ²³/

Middle Chinese: lak thuX

Rime
Character	樂	土
Reading #	3/3	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	盧各切	他魯切
Baxter	lak	thuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑk̚/	/tʰuo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑk̚/	/tʰuo^X/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑk̚/	/tʰo^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lak̚/	/tʰɔ^X/
Li Rong	/lɑk̚/	/tʰo^X/
Wang Li	/lɑk̚/	/tʰu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lɑk̚/	/tʰuo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	luò	tǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lok⁶	tou²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ˤawk tʰˤaʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*raːwɢ l̥ʰaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	樂	土
Reading #	2/4	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lè	tǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ lak ›	‹ thu^X ›
Old Chinese	/*ˁawk/	/*tʰˁaʔ/
English	joy; enjoy	earth
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	樂	土
Reading #	2/3	1/2
No.	7673	12499
Phonetic component	樂	土
Rime group	藥	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	落	土
Old Chinese	/*raːwɢ/	/*l̥ʰaːʔ/

Noun

樂土

land of happiness; paradise
- 逝將去女，適彼樂土。樂土樂土，爰得我所。
  逝将去女，适彼乐土。乐土乐土，爰得我所。
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Shì jiāng qù rǔ, shì bǐ lètǔ. Lètǔ lètǔ, yuán dé wǒ suǒ.
  We will leave you,
  And go to that happy land.
  Happy land! Happy land!
  There shall we find our place.

Derived terms

至福樂土 / 至福乐土 (Zhìfú Yuètǔ)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
樂	土
らく Jinmeiyō	ど Grade: 1
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 樂土 – see the following entry.

【楽土らくど】

(This term, 樂土, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

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