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Translingual
Han character
潘 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 水竹木田 (EHDW), four-corner 32169, composition ⿰氵番)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 649, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18236
- Dae Jaweon: page 1058, character 26
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1745, character 10
- Unihan data for U+6F58
Chinese
| trad. | 潘 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 潘 | |
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 皤 | *paːl, *baːl |
| 嶓 | *paːl |
| 番 | *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban |
| 播 | *paːls |
| 譒 | *paːls |
| 鄱 | *baːl |
| 潘 | *pʰaːn |
| 蟠 | *baːn, *ban |
| 磻 | *baːn |
| 蕃 | *pan, *ban |
| 轓 | *pan, *pʰan |
| 鱕 | *pan |
| 鐇 | *pan, *ban |
| 藩 | *pan, *ban |
| 籓 | *pan |
| 橎 | *panʔ |
| 翻 | *pʰan |
| 幡 | *pʰan |
| 飜 | *pʰan |
| 旛 | *pʰan, *ban |
| 繙 | *pʰan, *ban |
| 燔 | *ban |
| 蹯 | *ban |
| 膰 | *ban |
| 羳 | *ban |
| 鷭 | *ban |
| 璠 | *ban |
| 襎 | *ban |
| 墦 | *ban |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰaːn): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): púing
- Eastern Min (BUC): păng / pŭng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pong1 / puong1 / pua1 / puann1 / puang1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1phoe
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: pān
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pan
- Wade–Giles: pʻan1
- Yale: pān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pan
- Palladius: пань (panʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰän⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: pun1
- Yale: pūn
- Cantonese Pinyin: pun1
- Guangdong Romanization: pun1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰuːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: pon1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰᵘɔn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phân
- Hakka Romanization System: panˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: pan1
- Sinological IPA: /pʰan²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: panˋ
- Sinological IPA: /pʰan⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: púing
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰuiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: păng / pŭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰaŋ⁵⁵/, /pʰuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- păng - surname;
- pŭng - slops.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: pong1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: peong
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɔŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: puong1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: pua1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: puaⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰua⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: puann1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰũã⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: puang1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: puang
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰuaŋ⁵³³/
- (Putian)
Note:
- pong1/puong1 - vernacular (“slops; swill; hogwash”);
- pua1/puann1 - vernacular (surname);
- puang1/puong1 - literary (also used as a surname by a few people in Putian).
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phun / phoaⁿ / phoan
- Tâi-lô: phun / phuann / phuan
- Phofsit Daibuun: phwn, phvoaf, phoafn
- IPA (Xiamen): /pʰun⁴⁴/, /pʰuã⁴⁴/, /pʰuan⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰun³³/, /pʰuã³³/, /pʰuan³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰun⁴⁴/, /pʰuã⁴⁴/, /pʰuan⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /pʰun⁴⁴/, /pʰuã⁴⁴/, /pʰuan⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰun⁴⁴/, /pʰuã⁴⁴/, /pʰuan⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien)
Note:
- phun - vernacular (“water in which rice has been rinsed”);
- phoaⁿ - vernacular (surname);
- phoan - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: pung1 / puan1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phung / phuaⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰuŋ³³/, /pʰũã³³/
Note:
- pung1 - “water in which rice has been rinsed”;
- puan1 - surname.
- Middle Chinese: phan
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*pʰaːn/
Definitions
潘
- (obsolete) water in which rice has been rinsed
- a surname
- 潘愉 ― Pān Yú ― Florence Y. Pan (Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit)
- 潘金蓮／潘金莲 ― Pān Jīnlián ― Pan Jinlian (fictional female character in Water Margin and Jin Ping Mei)
- Used in place names.
- (Greek mythology) Pan
- (Hokkien) slops; swill; hogwash
- 潘水 ― phun-chúi ― slops
Synonyms
- (water in which rice has been rinsed): 米泔水 (mǐgānshuǐ), 洗米水 (xǐmǐshuǐ)； (Gan) 淘米水 (táomǐshuǐ); (Hokkien) 米潘, 洗米潘; (Northern Min, Xiang) 米潲水
Descendants
Others:
- → English: Pan, Poon, Pun, Phua
- → Mandarin: ㄆㄨㄣ (pūn) (Taiwanese slang from Hokkien)
- → Tagalog: Pua (via Hokkien)
Compounds
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: pán
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pán
- Wade–Giles: pʻan2
- Yale: pán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parn
- Palladius: пань (panʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰän³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
潘
Pronunciation 3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: fān
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fan
- Wade–Giles: fan1
- Yale: fān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fan
- Palladius: фань (fanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fän⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
潘
References
- “潘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “潘”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
Japanese
Kanji
潘
Readings
Proper noun
- a surname
Korean
Hanja
潘 (eum 반 (ban))
潘 (eum 번 (beon))
Vietnamese
Han character
潘: Hán Nôm readings: phan, Phan
- chữ Hán form of Phan (“a surname from Chinese”).
- 潘佩珠 ― Phan Bội Châu