饅頭
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饅頭 (1)
饅頭
See also: 馒头
Chinese
| head; (noun suffix) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (饅頭) | 饅 | 頭 | |
| simp. (馒头) | 馒 | 头 | |
| alternative forms | 曼頭／曼头 蠻頭／蛮头 | ||
Etymology
From Sanskrit मोद (mōda, “modak, gift, joy”), from Proto-Indo-European *mewd- (“to rejoice”) . False etymological interpretations: "barbarian's head" (because of hieroglyph 蠻／蛮 (mán, “barbarian”) in alternative spelling 蠻頭／蛮头 (mántóu)) or relation with Chinese 麵／面 (miàn, “dough”). At least the Indian modaks are very similar dish (in shape) to the Chinese mántóu and could have entered China with Buddhism. Old Turkic/Old Uyghur originally had diphthongal form *mantaw (which was borrowed into Mongolian as "мантау, мантуу") and became monophthongized into mantū, mantï lately.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): maan6 tau4 / maan4 tau4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): màn-thèu / mân-thèu
- Eastern Min (BUC): màng-tàu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6moe-deu6 / 2muon-dei2
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): monn2 dou
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄢˊ ˙ㄊㄡ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mánto̊u
- Wade–Giles: man2-tʻou5
- Yale: mán-tou
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: man.tou
- Palladius: маньтоу (manʹtou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /män³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³/
- (Standard Chinese, literary or regional variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄢˊ ㄊㄡˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mántóu
- Wade–Giles: man2-tʻou2
- Yale: mán-tóu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mantour
- Palladius: маньтоу (manʹtou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /män³⁵ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: maan6 tau4 / maan4 tau4
- Yale: maahn tàuh / màahn tàuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: maan6 tau4 / maan4 tau4
- Guangdong Romanization: man6 teo4 / man4 teo4
- Sinological IPA (key): /maːn²² tʰɐu̯²¹/, /maːn²¹ tʰɐu̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Note: maan4 tau4 - rare.
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: màn-thèu
- Hakka Romanization System: manˇ teuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: man2 teu2
- Sinological IPA: /man¹¹ tʰeu̯¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mân-thèu
- Hakka Romanization System: manˊ teuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: man1 teu2
- Sinological IPA: /man²⁴ tʰeu̯¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: màng-tàu
- Sinological IPA (key): /maŋ⁵³⁻³³ (tʰ-)nau⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bān-thâu
- Tâi-lô: bān-thâu
- Phofsit Daibuun: baxntaau
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ban⁴¹⁻²² tʰau²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /ban²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ban²²⁻²¹ tʰau¹³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Taichung)
- (Hokkien: Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bán-thâu
- Tâi-lô: bán-thâu
- Phofsit Daibuun: bafntaau
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bhuêng6 tao5 / mang6 tao5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buĕng thâu / măng thâu
- Sinological IPA (key): /bueŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ tʰau⁵⁵/, /maŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ tʰau⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: monn2 dou
- Sinological IPA (key): /mõ¹³ təu̯³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: man duw
Noun
饅頭
- Chinese steamed bun (without filling); mantou
- (Wu) steamed bun with filling; baozi
- 小籠饅頭／小笼馒头 [Shanghainese] ― 5shiau-lon 6moe-deu [Wugniu] ― xiaolongbao
- 生煎饅頭／生煎馒头 [Shanghainese] ― 1san-ci1 6moe-deu [Wugniu] ― shengjianbao
- (archaic) steamed bun (with or without filling)
- (figurative, slang) breast; tits
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 包子 (“steamed bun (with filling)”)
Derived terms
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (饅頭):
Others:
- → Amis: manto
- → Bunun: mantu
- → English: mantou
- → French: mantou
- → Manchu: ᠮᡝᠨᡨᡠ (mentu)
- → Old Turkic: mantaw, mantū, mantï
- → Paiwan: mantu
- → Russian: маньтоу (manʹtou)
- → Sakizaya: mantu
- → Taroko: manto
- → Thai: หมั่นโถว (màn-tǒow)
- → Vietnamese: màn thầu
- → Zhuang: manzdouz
See also
Pronunciation 2
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bīn-thâu
- Tâi-lô: bīn-thâu
- Phofsit Daibuun: bixntaau
- IPA (Taipei): /bin³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /bin²²⁻²¹ tʰau²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /bin³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bîn-thâu
- Tâi-lô: bîn-thâu
- Phofsit Daibuun: bintaau
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /bin²³⁻³³ tʰau²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /bin²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bān-thâu
- Tâi-lô: bān-thâu
- Phofsit Daibuun: baxntaau
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ban³³⁻²¹ tʰau²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /ban³³⁻¹¹ tʰau²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: būn-thâu
- Tâi-lô: būn-thâu
- Phofsit Daibuun: buxntaau
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
Noun
饅頭
- (Hokkien) Alternative form of 麵頭／面头 (miàntóu, “mantou used during the hundredth day commemoration of one's parent's death”)
References
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 饅 | 頭 |
| まん Hyōgai |
じゅう Grade: 2 |
| tōon | |
Etymology
Note that in Modern Standard Chinese, 饅頭 means an unfilled bun; 包子 (bāozi) is the term for a filled bun.
Pronunciation
Noun
饅頭 • (manjū) ←まんぢゆう (mandyuu)?
Derived terms
Descendants
- → English: manju
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 饅 | 頭 |