Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/keleŕ

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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

According to Bonnman and Fries, borrowed from Proto-Yeniseian *kʷetʳ-ja (frog, lizard) around the time of the Xiōngnú Confederacy, from an Arinic language, for which compare Arin kere (frog).

In light of Cypriot Turkish kelte, Tatar кәлтә (kältä) and Chuvash калта (kalt̬a), some suggest a hypothetical *kel- root, however it is a loanword from Persian کلته (lame). (See Tatar кәлтә елан (kältä yelan, lizard (lit. short snake)) and Turkish kertenkele (lizard (lit. short lizard)))

Noun

*keleŕ

  1. lizard

Declension

Declension of *keleŕ
singular 3)
nominative *keleŕ
accusative *keleŕig, *keleŕni1)
genitive *keleŕniŋ
dative *keleŕke
locative *keleŕte
ablative *keleŕten
allative *keleŕgerü
instrumental 2) *keleŕin
equative 2) *keleŕče
similative 2) *keleŕleyü
comitative 2) *keleŕligü
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

  • Proto-Common Turkic: *kelez, *keler
    • Mongolic: (keles)
  • Proto-Turkic: *keleŕ-ge
Animals in Turkic
Köpek
Dog
dog: *ï̄t
Av Köpeği
Hunting Dog
hunting dog: *eker
Tavuk
Hen
hen: *tiakïgu
Toygar
Lark
lark: *torgay
Güvercin
Pigeon
dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin
Bıldırcın
Quail
quail: *bïldurčïn
Serçe
Sparrow
sparrow: *serče
Şahin
Hawk
hawk, falcon: *kïrguy
Kaz
Goose
goose: *kāŕ
Börü
Wolf
wolf: *bȫrü
İnek
Cow
cow: *ingek
Buzağı
Calf
calf: *buŕagu
Deve
Camel
camel: *tebe
Köşek
Young Camel
young of camel: *kȫĺek, *botu
At
Horse
horse: *at
Kulun
Foal
foal: *kulun
Kurt
Worm
worm: *kūrt
Yılan
Snake
snake: *yï̄lan
Tilki
Fox
fox: *tilkü
Keçi
goat
goat: *keči
Teke
He-goat
he-goat: *teke
Aslan
Lion
lion: *arsïlan
Balık
Fish
fish: *bālïk
Çapak
Abramis brama
carp bream: *čapak
Eşek
Donkey
donkey: *eĺčgek
Sazan
Carp
carp: *siāŕgan
Yayın
Catfish
catfish: *yāyïn
Kunduz
Beaver
beaver: *kunduŕ
Kirpi
Hedgehog
hedgehog: *kirpi
Porsuk
Badger
badger: *borsmuk
Sinek
Fly
fly, mosquito: *siŋek
Arı
Bee
wasp, bee: *ārï
At Sineği
Gadlfy
gadfly: *bȫgen
Güve
Moth
moth: *küńe
Bit
Louse
louse: *bït
Solucan
Earthworm
earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
Yak
Yak
yak: *kotuz
Sıpa
Colt
colt: *sïp
Ejderha
Dragon
dragon: *siāŕgan
Kurtçuk
Worm
worm: *kūrt
Geyik
Deer
deer: *keyik, *sïgun, *bulan, *bugu
Kertenkele
Lizard
lizard: *keleŕ

References

  1. ^ Bonmann, Svenja, Fries, Simon (2025) “Linguistic Evidence Suggests That Xiōng-nú and Huns Spoke the Same Paleo-Siberian Language”, in Transactions of the Philological Society, volume 0, →DOI, page 9 of 1-24
  2. ^ Этимологический словарь чувашского языка (1964)
  3. ^ Boeschoten, Hendrik (2022) A Dictionary of Early Middle Turkic (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.169), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 14
  4. ^ Baskakov, N. A. (1991) İsmail Kaynak, A. Mecit Doğru, transl., Gagauz Türkçesinin Sözlüğü (in Turkish), Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları, page 152
  5. ^ Гаркавец А. Н. (2019) Kitāb‑i Macmū‛‑i Tarcumān‑i Türkī va ‛Acamī va Muġalī va Fārsī, Almaty: Ministry of Culture and Sport of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kazakh Scientifc Research Institute of Culture, →ISBN, pages 348-349
  6. ^ al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume 1, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 364
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*keler / *keleŕ / *kelte”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 180-181
  • Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, pages 30-32, 34
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 250
  • kelez, kelte”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü (in Turkish), volume 8, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1975