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Considering the bird’s black feathers, it could be a derivative of the word 'black' (see Proto-Turkic*kara), but most data support the hypothesis of an onomatopoeic origin.[1][2][3] Probably related to the Hungarian onomatopoeic word gá-gá(“sound a goose makes”).[3] This onomatopoeic formation may serve the same function as other Turkic bird-related words like karga(“crow, black bird”) and kuş(“bird”), compare the Hungarian onomatopoeic word kár-kár ("to croak").[3]
1) Originally only in pronominal declension. 2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages. 3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
Abajev, V. I. (1973) “qaz”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 272
Budagov, Lazarʹ (1871) Sravnitelʹnyj slovarʹ turecko-tatarskix narěčij [Comparative Dictionary of Turko-Tatar Dialects] (in Russian), volume II, Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 13
Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1899) Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects], volume II (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 360f
Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1899) Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects], volume II (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 346
References
^ Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 184b
↑ 2.02.1Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20) (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 1389, pages 385–387
^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 679
↑ 5.05.1Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “սագ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 152b
^ Pedersen, Holger (1906) “Armenisch und die Nachbarsprachen”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der Indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume 39, number 3, pages 453–454
^ Pedersen (Pedersən), Holger (1907) H. Tʻovmas Ketikean, transl., Hayerēn ew dracʻi lezunerə [Armenian and the Neighbouring Languages] (in Armenian), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, pages 186–187