User:Sumiaz/Quechua Suffixes

-chi, -chka, -hina, -kama, -ku, -kuna, -man, -manta, -nchik, -ni, -p, -pa, -paq, -pas, -pi, -pti, -rqa, -rqa-n, -rqa-ni, -rqa-nki, -rqu, -s, -si, -spa, -sqa, -ta, -taq, -wa, -wan, -y, -cha, -chu, -lla, -mi, -n, -ni-n, -ni-y, -ni-yki, -nki, -nkichik, -nku, -pura, -ya, -yki, -ykichik, -yku, -yuq, (-chaw), -ña, (-naw), (-piq/-piqta/-pita), -qa, (-r), -mu, -naku, -napaq, -m, -mi, -q, -su, -na, -ni, -raq, -sun, -sunchik, -sunki, -naya, -nqa, -rayku, -saq, -wanchik, -wanki, -ch, (-mayi/-masi), -ychik, -wankiku, -wanku, -ykiku, -ntin, -pa, -paya, -sqayki, -sunkichik, -wanqa, -wanqaku, -ykichik, -llaña, -napas, -nqaku, -ri, -saykiku, -spam, -spapas, -spaqa, -sqaykiku, -stin, -ysi, -chá, -má, -ñataq, -nnaq, -sapa, -saykichik, -sqaykichik, -wankichik, -yá, -chun, -chunku, -mantapacha, -nacha, -nachu, -nka, -nta, -pu, -puni, -suptiyki, -wasun, -wasunchik, -ñiq, -chus, -karay, -kankaray, -llataq, (-manta hunt'a), (-naq), -kampu, -kamu, (-llapas), -mpu, -sina, (-tawan/-tawankama), (-qpi), (-qpillataq), (-qwanmi), (-spantin/-spawanmi), (-sqantin/-sqawan), -mari, -paku, -qarin, -raya, -ska, -chika, -chiki, -kis, -miki, -ñiraq, -paschu, -rikuq, -siki, -su, -ñiq

• -wa- (2/3→1)
• -yki (1→2)
• -su- (3→2)

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• -hina - Comparative

• -kama - Terminative, Limitative

Punukama chayan.
Punu-kama	chaya-n
Puno-TERM	arrive-3SG
"He arrives at Puno."

K'uychichawkama suyasun.
k'uychichaw-kama	suya-sun
Saturday-TERM	wait-1INPL.FUT
"We will wait until Saturday."

Kutimunaykama.

kuti-mu-na-y-kama

return-TLOC-FUT.P-1SG.POS-TERM

"Until my return."

Qharikamam wawaykunaqa.
qhari-kama-m	wawa-y-kuna-qa
male-TERM-EVIDM	child-1SG.POS-PL-TOP
"All of my children are male."

"up to, until"; marks the physical or temporal endpoint of an action; "hasta"; expresses limits in time and space; destinations and temporal endpoints; "terminative"; the limit to which an action extends in terms of time, space, number; "terminative"; "hasta", "entre", "cada uno o todos", "y no más"; terminative, distributive; 終点; "...made", "...no aida", "minna ... bakari"

• -lla - Exclusive

  Peripheral suffix: limitative

• -man - Illative, Dative

Payman mikhunata apachkani.
pay-man	mikhu-na-ta	apa-chka-ni
3SG-ILL	eat-FUT.P-ACC	carry-PROG-1SG
"I am taking food to him."

Llaqtaman richkani.
llaqta-man	ri-chka-ni
town-ILL	go-PROG-1SG
"I am going towards the town."

Maymanmi kay ñan richkan?
may-man-mi	kay	ñan	ri-chka-n
where-ILL-EVIDM	this	path	go-PROG-3SG
"Where does this path go?"

Wataman kutimusaq.
wata-man	kuti-mu-saq
year-ILL	return-TLOC-1SG.FUT
"I will return in a year."

"towards, to"; marks direction of movement or the indirect object

• -manta - Ablative

  "from, about, made out of"; marks origin, precedence, subject matter, or material

• -naq - Abessive, Privative

  N Derivation: Privative, without

• -nka - Distributive

• -ntin - Comitative

  NN Derivation: "together with"

• -p/-pa - Genitive

  "of"; marks possession

• -paq - Benefactive

  "for"; marks the beneficiary

• -pi - Locative

  "in"; marks temporal, spatial location

• -pura - Associative, Interactive
  • -masi, -turu

  "among"; marks a group performing the same action

• -rayku - Causal, Causative

  "for, because of"; marks the cause or reason

• -ta - Accusative

  Wak wasita rikuy. "Look at that house."

  Mamayta qayarispa karqani. "I invited my mother."

  marks direct object, destination of motion verb; marks adj→adv

• -wan - Instrumental, Comitative

  "with"; marks instrument or company

• -yuq - Possessive

  N Derivation: Possessive

• -cha - Diminutive

• -kuna - Plural

• -sapa - Augmentative

• -chi - Causative, 使役

  yachay → yachachiy

  "to learn" → "to make learn (to teach)"

  「学ぶ」 → 「学ばせる（教える）」

  puñuy → puñuchiy

  "to sleep" → "to make sleep"

  「眠る」 → 「眠らせる」

• -ku - Reflexive, 再帰

  mayllay → mayllakuy

  "to wash" → "to wash oneself"

  「洗う」 → 「自洗う」

  rantiy → rantikuy

  "to buy" → "to buy for oneself"

  「買う」 → 「自為買う」

• -mu - Translocative, 移動

  puriy → purimuy

  "to walk" → "to walk over"

  「歩く」 → 「歩いてくる」

  apay → apamuy

  "to carry" → "to bring"

  「持つ」 → 「持ってくる」

  paray → paramuy

  "to rain" → "to rain here"

  「雨降る」 → 「雨降ってくる（当地で）」

  mikhuy → mikhumuy

  "to eat" → "to go eat"

  「食べる」 → 「食べてくる」

• -naku - Reciprocal, 相互

  riqsiy → riqsinakuy

  "to know" → "to know each other"

  「知る」 → 「知合う」

  kuyay → kuyanakuy

  "to love" → "to love each other"

  「愛す」 → 「愛合う」

  maqay → maqanakuy

  "to hit" → "to hit each other (to fight)"

  「打つ」 → 「打合う（戦う）」

• -naya - Desiderative, 願望

  tusuy → tusunayay

  "to dance" → "to want to dance"

  「踊る」 → 「踊りたがる」

  paray → paranayay

  "to rain" → "to be about to rain"

  「雨降る」 → 「間もなく雨降る」

  waqay → waqanayay

  "to cry" → "to want to cry"

  「泣く」 → 「泣きたがる」

• -pa - Repetitive, 反復

  pichay → pichapay

  "to clean" → "to clean again"

  「掃除する」 → 「掃除し直す」

  tarpuy → tarpupay

  "to plant" → "to plant again"

  「植える」 → 「植え直す」

  yapay → yapapay

  "to augment" → "to add incrementally"

  「加える」 → 「付け足す」

• -paya - Frequentative, 頻繁・同伴

  paray → parapayay

  "to rain" → "to rain indefinitely"

  「雨降る」 → 「雨降り続く」

  mañay → mañapayay

  "to request" → "to request repeatedly"

  「頼む」 → 「頼み続ける」

• -ykacha - Oscillative, 反復・頻繁

  puriy → puriykachay

  "to go" → "to go back and forth"

  「行く」 → 「行ったり来たりする」

  apay → apaykachay

  "to carry" → "to carry from here to there"

  「持つ」 → 「あちこち持ち行く」

  phaway → phawaykachay

  "to fly" → "to flutter"

  「飛ぶ」 → 「飛び交う」