kwama

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Swahili

Etymology

-kwaa (“to stumble”) +‎ -ama.

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-kwama (infinitive kukwama)

  1. to be stranded
  2. to be stuck
  3. to be deadlocked

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kwama
Positive present -nakwama
Subjunctive -kwame
Negative -kwami
Imperative singular kwama
Infinitives
Positive kukwama
Negative kutokwama
Imperatives
Singular kwama
Plural kwameni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukwama
Positive past positive subject concord + -likwama
Negative past negative subject concord + -kukwama
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakwama)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakwama/nakwama tunakwama
2nd person unakwama mnakwama
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakwama wanakwama
other classes positive subject concord + -nakwama
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kwami)
Singular Plural
1st person sikwami hatukwami
2nd person hukwami hamkwami
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakwami hawakwami
other classes negative subject concord + -kwami
Positive future positive subject concord + -takwama
Negative future negative subject concord + -takwama
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kwame)
Singular Plural
1st person nikwame tukwame
2nd person ukwame mkwame
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akwame wakwame
other classes positive subject concord + -kwame
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikwame
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekwama
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekwama
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikwama
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikwama
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akwama)
Singular Plural
1st person nakwama twakwama
2nd person wakwama mwakwama
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akwama wakwama
m-mi(III/IV) wakwama yakwama
ji-ma(V/VI) lakwama yakwama
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakwama vyakwama
n(IX/X) yakwama zakwama
u(XI) wakwama see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwakwama
pa(XVI) pakwama
mu(XVIII) mwakwama
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekwama
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakwama
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakwama
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kikwama
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokwama
Consecutive kakwama / positive subject concord + -kakwama
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakwame
Object concord —
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + -kwama- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -kwamaye -kwamao
m-mi(III/IV) -kwamao -kwamayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -kwamalo -kwamayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kwamacho -kwamavyo
n(IX/X) -kwamayo -kwamazo
u(XI) -kwamao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kwamako
pa(XVI) -kwamapo
mu(XVIII) -kwamamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -kwama)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekwama -okwama
m-mi(III/IV) -okwama -yokwama
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokwama -yokwama
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokwama -vyokwama
n(IX/X) -yokwama -zokwama
u(XI) -okwama see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokwama
pa(XVI) -pokwama
mu(XVIII) -mokwama
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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