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Bavarian
Alternative forms
Etymology
An ellipsis from the commoners’ greeting once said to feudal lords, "servus humillimus (Domine spectabilis)", in Latin meaning "(I am a) most humble servant, (O) noble lord".
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈse̞ɐ̯vus/, /ˈse̞ɐ̯βus/
- Hyphenation: ser‧vus
Interjection
servus
- (informal) hello, hi
- (informal) bye, goodbye
Derived terms
Czech
Alternative forms
Etymology
The greeting evolved by the commoners greeting their lords with the words servus humillimus, Domine spectabilis, meaning your humble servant, my noble lord. No subservience is implied in its modern use.
Pronunciation
Interjection
servus
- (colloquial) hi, hiya
- Synonym: ahoj
- (colloquial) cheerio, bye, so long, ta-ta
- Synonym: ahoj
Further reading
- servus in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- servus in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Esperanto
Verb
servus
- conditional of servi
German
Etymology
An ellipsis from the commoners’ greeting once said to feudal lords, "servus humillimus (Domine spectabilis)", in Latin meaning "(I am a) most humble servant, (O) noble lord".
Pronunciation
Interjection
servus
- (chiefly Southern Germany, Austria, informal) hello, hi
- (chiefly Southern Germany, Austria, informal) goodbye, bye, farewell
- (as a toast) cheers
Usage notes
- No subservience is implied in modern use, and the origin of the term is not commonly known. Educated usage may be sincere, jocular or ironic.
- This salutation is used in Southern Germany and throughout the former Austria-Hungary (see cognates on this page), in varying frequency throughout those areas.
- Despite the formal origins of the term, its usage is now chiefly, but not exclusively informal; the degree of decorum is dependent on context of region, dialect, class, or even village.
Synonyms
Further reading
- “servus” in Duden online
- “servus” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
Latin
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Latin servos, from Proto-Italic *serwos (“guardian”), from Proto-Indo-European *ser-wo-s (“guardian”), possibly from *ser- (“watch over, protect”). Cognate with servō, Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (haraiti, “he heeds, protects”). By surface analysis, Proto-Indo-European *ser- + -vus.
Pronunciation
Noun
servus m (genitive servī, feminine serva); second declension
- a servant
- a serf
- a slave
Usage notes
- Until the Augustan period, servos was more common.
Declension
Second-declension noun.
Derived terms
Descendants
See also
References
- “servus²”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- servus² in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.: “1,432/2”
- “seruus¹” on page 1,748/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
- Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “servus”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 967/2
Adjective
servus (feminine serva, neuter servum); first/second-declension adjective
- slavish, servile (to the senses or to authority)
- (of lands, buildings) subject or liable to servitude
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
References
References
- “servus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “servus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- servus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to act the rôle of a slave, pander: agere servum, lenonem
- a good, useful slave: frugi (opp. nequam) servus
- a degraded, servile condition: infima fortuna or condicio servorum
- (ambiguous) to examine slaves by torture: de servis quaerere (in dominum)
- “servus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “servus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Anagrams
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from German servus. Greeting found throughout the former Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Pronunciation
Interjection
servus (informal, Transylvania, Maramureș, Bukovina)
- hi, hello
- see you (later)
Serbo-Croatian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From German servus, ultimately from Latin servus.
Interjection
sèrvus (Cyrillic spelling сѐрвус)
- (Croatia, dated) hello
- (Croatia, dated) good bye
Synonyms
Slovak
Etymology
The greeting evolved by the commoners greeting their lords with the words servus humillimus, Domine spectabilis, meaning your humble servant, my noble lord. No subservience is implied in its modern use.
Pronunciation
Interjection
servus
- hello
- hi
- howdy
Further reading
- “servus”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024