ऋ

ऋ U+090B, ऋ DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC R ← ऊ Devanagari ऌ →

• IPA^(key): /r̩/

ऋ (ṛ)

1. Traditionally classified as a vowel of the Devanagari script. Its matra, used to modify the inherent vowel in a consonant, is written ृ. For example the first consonant क with the matra looks like: कृ. It is only used in words of Sanskrit derivation. Transliterated as IAST: ṛ or ITRANS: RRi or R^i.

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɾiː/

ऋ • (ŕ)

1. the seventh vowel in Hindi

• (matra): ृ (ŕ)

• Devanagari script letters: अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः, अँ, क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह, त्र, ज्ञ, क्ष, क़, ख़, ग़, ज़, झ़, ड़, ढ़, फ़ 

• IPA^(key): /ɾu/,

ऋ • (ru)

1. The seventh vowel in Marathi, pronounced ru.

• IPA^(key):
• Phonetic Devanagari: रि

ऋ • (r̥)

1. The seventh vowel in Nepali.

• Devanagari script letters: अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ऌ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः, अँ, क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह, क्ष, त्र, ज्ञ 

• अर् (ar)
• ईर् (īr) (from weak stem of इयर्ति (íyarti))

Merged from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“stir, move”) and *h₁er- (“to move, go”); the former is cognate with Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμῐ (órnūmĭ, “to set upon; to arouse”) and Old Armenian յառնեմ (yaṙnem, “to rise, awake”), while the latter is cognate with Ancient Greek ἔρχομαι (érkhomai, “to go, come”) and Albanian erdha (“to have come, originated”) (via a derivative *h₁erǵʰ- (“to move”)).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /r̩/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /r̩/

ऋ • (ṛ)

1. to go, move
2. to rise, tend towards
3. to move, shake
4. to obtain, gain, acquire, reach, meet with
5. to move, excite, raise (as voice, words, etc.)
6. to display
7. to injure, hurt
8. to attack
9. to throw, cast, fling; fix or implant in
10. to put or place on, fix upon, direct or cast towards (as the eye, etc.); to insert, give, set, or place
11. to hand over; give to, give in charge of, consign, deliver
12. to give up, sacrifice
13. to give back, restore
14. to pierce through, perforate, penetrate

Primary Verbal Forms

Secondary Forms

Non-Finite Forms

Derived Nominal Forms

• Monier Williams (1899) “ऋ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 223, column 2.
• William Dwight Whitney (1885) The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 14

• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen ‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 105-6
• Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 46-47
• Gotō, T. "Altindoiranisch ar/r̥ und urindogermanisch *h₁er, *h₂er, *h₃er" in Denken sie einfach!, page 75ff.