僧
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Translingual
| Japanese | 僧 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 僧 |
| Traditional | 僧 |
Alternative forms
Note difference between Chinese form, which uses 曾, and Japanese shinjitai which uses 曽. Both forms are encoded under the same codepoint due to Han unification.
Han character
僧 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+12 in Chinese, 人+11 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 人金田日 (OCWA), four-corner 28266, composition ⿰亻曾 (GTKV) or ⿰亻曽 (J))
Derived characters
Related characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 117, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1076
- Dae Jaweon: page 248, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 222, character 1
- Unihan data for U+50E7
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
僧 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 僧 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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 s05925 Transcribed ancient scripts  L11518  L11519 | |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯːŋ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 曾 (OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ) – a kind of person (a Buddhist monk).
Etymology
Clipping of 僧伽 (MC song gja, “sangha; community of monks, nuns, novices and laity”); see there for more.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zang1 / sang1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sên
- Eastern Min (BUC): cĕng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1sen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: seng
- Wade–Giles: sêng1
- Yale: sēng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: seng
- Palladius: сэн (sɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zang1 / sang1
- Yale: jāng / sāng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzang1 / sang1
- Guangdong Romanization: zeng1 / seng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/, /sɐŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- sang1 - literary;
- zang1 - vernacular.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên
- Hakka Romanization System: senˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sen1
- Sinological IPA: /sen²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chng
- Tâi-lô: tsng
- Phofsit Daibuun: zngf
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
- Tâi-lô: tsing
- Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
- Tâi-lô: sng
- Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
- Tâi-lô: sing
- Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Note:
- chng, cheng - vernacular;
- sng, seng - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: song
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*sɯːŋ/
Definitions
僧
- (Buddhism) monk; bonze
- (Buddhism) sangha
- (Church of the East, historical) priest
- a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 和尚 (“Buddhist monk”)
Compounds
- 不僧不俗
- 僧人 (sēngrén)
- 僧伽
- 僧伽藍／僧伽蓝
- 僧俗 (sēngsú)
- 僧侶／僧侣 (sēnglǚ)
- 僧侶主義／僧侣主义
- 僧塔 (sēngtǎ)
- 僧多粥少 (sēngduōzhōushǎo)
- 僧官
- 僧尼 (sēngní)
- 僧徒 (sēngtú)
- 僧房
- 僧殘／僧残
- 僧眾／僧众
- 僧祇 (sēngqí)
- 僧祐
- 僧綱／僧纲
- 僧肇
- 僧行
- 僧衣
- 僧道
- 僧院 (sēngyuàn)
- 僧鞋
- 削髮為僧／削发为僧
- 和合僧
- 奉道齋僧／奉道斋僧
- 女僧
- 密陀僧 (mìtuósēng)
- 小僧 (xiǎosēng)
- 尼僧 (nísēng)
- 情僧錄／情僧录
- 替僧
- 火宅僧
- 知事僧
- 粥少僧多
- 粥飯僧／粥饭僧
- 老僧 (lǎosēng)
- 老僧入定
- 聖僧／圣僧
- 胡僧
- 苦行僧 (kǔxíngsēng)
- 行腳僧／行脚僧
- 衲僧
- 貧僧／贫僧 (pínsēng)
- 門僧／门僧
- 阿僧祇 (āsēngqí)
- 雲水僧／云水僧
- 非洲和尚——黑人僧
- 高僧 (gāosēng)
- 齋僧／斋僧
References
- “僧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
| Shinjitai | 僧 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
僧 僧or 僧+ ︀?
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| 僧󠄁 僧+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 僧󠄅 僧+ 󠄅?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Glyph origin
Japanese shinjitai form: 僧 (曾 → 曽).
Kanji
僧
(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 僧)
Readings
Compounds
Etymology
Clipping of 僧伽 (sōgya), borrowed from Sanskrit संघ (saṃgha).[2]
Pronunciation
Noun
References
- ^ “僧”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 僧 (MC song).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 스ᇰ (Yale: sùng) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 쥬ᇰ〯 (Yale: cywǔng) | 스ᇰ (Yale: sùng) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
- Phonetic hangul:
Hanja
Compounds
Compounds