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愧. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
愧, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
愧 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
愧 you have here. The definition of the word
愧 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
愧, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Han character
愧 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 心竹山戈 (PHUI), four-corner 96013, composition ⿰忄鬼)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 396, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10982
- Dae Jaweon: page 734, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2329, character 11
- Unihan data for U+6127
Chinese
Glyph origin
|
|
Old Chinese
|
| 謉
|
*tkuːlʔ, *krul
|
| 瑰
|
*kuːl, *ɡuːl
|
| 傀
|
*kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ
|
| 藱
|
*kuːl
|
| 魁
|
*kʰuːl
|
| 磈
|
*kʰuːlʔ, *qulʔ
|
| 塊
|
*kʰuːls, *kʰruːds
|
| 嵬
|
*ŋɡuːl, *ŋɡuːlʔ
|
| 隗
|
*ŋɡuːlʔ
|
| 槐
|
*ɡuːl, *ɡruːl
|
| 瘣
|
*ɡuːlʔ
|
| 廆
|
*ɡuːlʔ
|
| 溾
|
*ɡuːlʔ, *qruːl
|
| 螝
|
*ɡuːls, *krul
|
| 褢
|
*ɡruːl
|
| 騩
|
*krul, *kruls, *kul
|
| 愧
|
*kruls
|
| 媿
|
*kruls
|
| 聭
|
*kruls
|
| 餽
|
*ɡruls
|
| 鬼
|
*kulʔ
|
| 魏
|
*ŋɡuls
|
| 巍
|
*ŋul
|
| 犩
|
*ŋul, *ŋuls
|
Originally written 媿. In the modern form, a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kruls): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ).
Shuowen interprets the character as an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): abbreviated 恥 (“shame”) + 鬼 (“spirit”).
Etymology
Pronunciation
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
| Character
|
愧
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
|
kuì
|
Middle
Chinese
|
‹ kwijH ›
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*ruj-s/
|
| English
|
ashamed
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
愧
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
| No.
|
4682
|
Phonetic
component
|
鬼
|
Rime
group
|
微
|
Rime
subdivision
|
2
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
媿
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*kruls/
|
| Notes
|
說文同媿
|
Definitions
愧
- ashamed; guilty; conscience-stricken; mortified
- to make (someone) feel guilty; to shame; to blame
Compounds
References
Japanese
Kanji
愧
(Hyōgai kanji)
- feel ashamed
- shy
Readings
- Go-on: き (ki)←き (ki, historical)←くゐ (kwi, ancient)
- Kan-on: き (ki)←き (ki, historical)←くゐ (kwi, ancient)
- Kun: はじる (hajiru, 愧じる)←はぢる (fadiru, 愧ぢる, historical)、はじらう (hajirau, 愧じらう)←はぢらふ (fadirafu, 愧ぢらふ, historical)、はずかしめる (hazukashimeru, 愧める)←はづかしめる (fadukasimeru, 愧める, historical)、とがめる (togameru, 愧める)
Compounds
Proverbs
Korean
Hanja
愧 (eumhun 부끄러워할 괴 (bukkeureowohal goe))
- hanja form? of 괴 (“ashamed, conscience-stricken”)
Vietnamese
Han character
愧: Hán Nôm readings: quý
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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