抱く

/idaku/ → /daku/

Shift from idaku.^[1][2][3]

Compare the shift of 茨 (ibara, “bramble, briar”) → 薔薇 (bara, “rose”).

First cited to the Utsubo Monogatari of roughly 999 CE.^[1]

• (Tokyo) だく (Heiban – )^[2][4]
• IPA^(key):

抱(だ)く • (daku) transitive godan (stem 抱(だ)き (daki), past 抱(だ)いた (daita))

1. to embrace, hug, hold in one's arms

   Synonym: 抱擁する (hōyō suru)

   彼氏(かれし)に後(うし)ろからそっと抱(だ)かれたい。

   Kareshi ni ushiro kara sotto dakaretai.

   I want my boyfriend to hug me gently from behind.

2. (euphemistic) to sleep with someone

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:性交する

   抱(だ)いてね。 ― daite ne. ― Hold me.

3. to sit on eggs, to brood on a nest (said of a bird)
4. (archaic) to hold something in mind, to harbor some feeling about, to entertain a thought about
5. to involve someone in one's own actions or thoughts, particularly in negative contexts
6. (archaic) to take a gigolo as a lover (said of a woman working in a brothel as support staff)

• 抱(だ)き (daki)
• ひん抱(だ)く (hindaku)

• 腰(こし)を抱(だ)く (koshi o daku)
• 膝(ひざ)を抱(だ)く (hiza o daku)
• 不(ふ)審(しん)を抱(だ)く (fushin o daku)

/udaku/ → /idaku/

Shift from earlier udaku.^[1]

This reading is possibly cited to a work from roughly 850 CE.^[1] However, that citation is phonologically ambiguous, and may represent the reading udaku instead. The first unambiguous citation for the idaku reading is in the Tosa Nikki of roughly 935 CE.^[1]

While there are numerous examples of mu shifting to u in various words, the mu- → u- → i- shift is unusual, and is shared only by mubara → ubara → ibara (茨, “bramble, briar”).^[1]

Found more commonly in 和文 (wabun, “texts written primarily in native Japanese vocabulary”).^[1]

• (Tokyo) いだく (Nakadaka – )^[2][4]
• IPA^(key):

抱(いだ)く • (idaku) transitive godan (stem 抱(いだ)き (idaki), past 抱(いだ)いた (idaita))

1. to hold something in mind, to harbor some feeling about, to entertain a thought about

   不満(ふまん)を抱(いだ)く

   fuman o idaku

   to harbor dissatisfaction

2. (literary) to embrace, hug, hold in one's arms

• 抱(いだ)き (idaki)
• 抱(いだ)かふ (idakau)

• 膝(ひざ)を抱(いだ)く (hiza o idaku)

• 重(じゅう)宝(ほう)を懐(いだ)く者(もの)は夜(や)行(こう)せず (jūhō o idaku mono wa yakō sezu)

⟨mudaku⟩ → /mudaku/ → /udaku/

Shift from Old Japanese 抱く (mudaku),^[1] in turn possibly a compound of 身 (mu, “body”, combining reading) +‎ 綰く (taku, “to gather in the hands; to work or operate something with the hands”).^[1]

First cited to a text from roughly 810 CE.^[1]

This reading is encountered more in the context of 漢文訓読 (kanbun kundoku, “the Japanese reading of texts written primarily in a variety of Classical Chinese”), and it fell out of use in roughly the Kamakura period.^[1][2]

• IPA^(key):

抱(うだ)く • (udaku) transitive ^†yodan

1. (obsolete) to hug, embrace
2. to hold something in mind, to harbor some feeling about, to entertain a thought about

Probably a compound of 身 (mu, combining form of mi₂, “body”) +‎ 綰く (taku, “to do an action using one's hands”).^[1][2]

First cited in the Man'yōshū of roughly 759 CE. Not attested past the early Heian period.^[1]

The Nihon Ryōiki also attests udaki (宇于伎) and udakasi■ (有太加之■).

抱く (mudaku) (kana むだく)

1. to hug, embrace
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 3, poem 481:

     腋挾　兒乃泣毎　雄自毛能　負見抱見

     WAKI₁BASAMU KO₁ no₂ NAKU GO₂TO₂ NI WOTO₂KO₁zimono₂ OPI₁ MI₁ MUDAKI₁ MI₁

     I caress under those arms; every time he crys, it is like a boy; I bear with it and hug it.

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3404:

     可美都気努　安蘇能麻素武良　可伎武太伎　奴礼杼安加奴乎　安杼加安我世牟

     kami₁tuke₂no₁ aso₁ no₂ maso₁mura kaki₁mudaki₁ nuredo₂ akanu wo ado₂ ka a ga semu

     I embrace those hemps at Kamitukeno Aso; although I sleep, it's not satisfactory; what should I do?

   • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:

     抱持、上取也、牟太久

     Embrace. To take above. Mudaku.

• 抱き (mudaki₁)
• 搔き抱く (kaki₁mudaku)
• 拱く (tamudaku)

• 膝を抱く (pi₁za wo mudaku)

• Japanese: 抱く (udaku → idaku → daku)

• Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, pages 117, 726