睪

睪 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 田中土廿十 (WLGTJ), four-corner 2640₁, composition ⿱罒幸)

• 凙(𪞝/𪞚), 㘁, 墿(𰉣/㘮), 嶧(峄/𡵸), 懌(怿/𢗜), 擇(择/択), 曎, 檡(𰗛/𣏧), 殬, 澤(泽/沢), 燡(𰞇), 䁺, 礋(𰦰), 䆁, 繹(绎/䋇), 䐾, 蠌(𰲵/蚇), 襗(𫋷), 譯(译/訳), 醳(𰼅), 釋(释/釈), 鐸(铎/鈬), 䭞(𬲳), 驛(驿/駅), 斁(𭣧), 歝, 鸅(𱉟), 䦴, 圛, 䕉
• 𤢟(𤝢), 𪼢, 𥜃, 𥼶(𬖘), 𦔥, 𦡇, 𨆅(𬦫), 𨼸, 𩍜, 𩏪(𩏽), 𩼓, 𠓋, 𤑹(𪹀), 𩴮, 𣀇, 𤢕, 𦒡, 𩁇, 𫅌, 𠪯, 𢋇, 𤻂, 𢍰(𪪴)

• 睾 (Preferred form used for the pronunciation "gāo" in mainland China and Hong Kong)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 811, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23466
• Dae Jaweon: page 1226, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2918, character 6
• Unihan data for U+776A

Historical forms of the character 睪
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

It traces back to oracle bone script glyphs, denoted here as ⿱㚔廾 and ⿱㚔𠬜 for typesetting convenience. These two variants depict a handcuff 㚔 and a pair of hands 廾 or 𠬜 placed on each side, likely denoting “to release” (釋), especially considering the position of hands in 𠬜 are facing away the handcuffs (Qiu, 1993; Chen, 2015).

Commonly used in bronze inscriptions to denote {擇} “to pick” (ibid.), as {擇} “to pick” and {釋} “to release” are etymologically and semantically related (Yu and Yang, 2023 citing Liu, 2014). A composition with an eye (目) added appeared in as late as Eastern Zhou bronze inscriptions (as 𢍰). It probably serves to fortify the denoting of picking (with eyes) (Chang, 2016; Yu and Yang, 2023). In the same period, a composition with hand omitted appeared, giving rise to the current glyph 目 (“eye”) + 㚔 (“handcuff”) (ibid.).

睪

1. to spy on
2. a surname

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

睪

1. testicle

• In mainland China and Hong Kong, 睾 is the orthodox form.
• In Taiwan, 睪 is the orthodox form while 睾 is considered as one of its variant forms (異體字 / 异体字 (yìtǐzì)).

睪

1. alternative form of 皋 (gāo, “tall; high”)

睪

1. alternative form of 皞 (hào, “vast and boundless”)

睪

1. alternative form of 澤 / 泽 (zé, “Eupatorium”)

   See also: 澤蘭

• “睪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02784
• Chang, Yu-Wei (張宇衛) (2016) “再談皋、睪、㚖之關係”, in 淡江中文學報, number 34, →DOI, pages 1–38.
• Chen, Xuan-Wei (陳炫瑋) (2015) “與「㚔」相關構造字研究”, in 中正漢學研究, number 1, see pages 40–41.
• Qiu, Xi-gui (裘錫圭) (1993) “說殷墟卜辭的“奠”——試論商人處置服屬者的一種方法”, in 中央硏究院歷史語言硏究所集刊, volume 64, number 3, see page 666.
• Yu, Shaohong (俞绍宏); Yang, Yufan (杨语凡) (2023) ““皋”“睪”相混探因”, in 古汉语研究, number 1, pages 2–12.

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

• On (unclassified): えき (eki)、やく (yaku)、じょう (jō)、にょう (nyō)
• Kun: うかがいめる (ukagaimeru)

睪 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.