есть

Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word есть. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word есть, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say есть in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word есть you have here. The definition of the word есть will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition ofесть, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
See also: естъ and -есть

Old East Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *estь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *esti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, verb form of *h₁ésti.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈjɛstɪ//ˈjɛstʲɪ//ˈjɛːstʲ/
  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /ˈjɛstɪ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /ˈjɛstʲɪ/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈjɛːstʲ/

Verb

есть (jestĭ)

  1. third-person singular present indicative of бꙑти (byti)

Descendants

  • Old Ruthenian: єсть (jestʹ), (*je)
  • Russian: есть (jestʹ), ёсть (jostʹ)

Old Novgorodian

Alternative forms

  • есте (jeste) (year 1165±25)
  • е (je) (year 1170±10)
  • ѥсть (jestĭ) (year 1350±10)

Etymology

First attested as есть (jestĭ) in year 1095±25. From Proto-Slavic *estь.

Verb

есть (jestĭ)

  1. third-person singular present of бꙑти (byti)

References

  1. ^ letter no. 721/647/683]”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2025
  2. ^ letter no. 163]”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2025
  3. ^ letter no. 548]”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2025
  4. ^ letter no. 815]”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2025
  5. ^ letter no. 705]”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2025
  6. ^ letter no. 709]”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2025
  7. ^ letter no. 60]”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2025
  8. ^ letter no. 19]”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2025

Further reading

  • Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: LRC Publishing House, →ISBN, page 715
  • letter no. 752]”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2025
  • letter no. 736]”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2025
  • letter no. 819]”, in Древнерусские берестяные грамоты (in Russian), http://gramoty.ru, 2007–2025

Russian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ěsti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)
  • (proscribed, only the infinitive and its derivations)

Verb

есть (jestʹimpf (perfective съесть or пое́сть)

  1. to eat
    Он ел мя́со и сала́т.On jel mjáso i salát.He was eating meat and salad.
    есть поедо́мjestʹ pojedómto make someone's life a misery by nagging
    • Russian Synodal Bible, Mark 2.26:
      Как вошел он в дом Божий при первосвященнике Авиафаре и ел хлебы предложения, которых не должно было есть никому, кроме священников, и дал и бывшим с ним?
      Kak vošel on v dom Božij pri pervosvjaščennike Aviafare i jel xleby predloženija, kotoryx ne dolžno bylo jestʹ nikomu, krome svjaščennikov, i dal i byvšim s nim?
      How did he enter the house of God in the presence of the High Priest Abiathar and eat the bread of offering, which should not be eaten by no one other than the High Priest, and give it to those that were with him?
Conjugation
Derived terms
verbs
See also

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old East Slavic есть (jestĭ), from Proto-Slavic *estь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *esti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, verb form of *h₁ésti.

Pronunciation

Verb

есть (jestʹ)

  1. inflection of быть (bytʹ):
    1. present indicative
    2. first/second/third-person singular/plural present indicative imperfective
    Russian Synodal Bible, Mark 2.28:
    • посему Сын Человеческий есть господин и субботы.
      posemu Syn Čelovečeskij jestʹ gospodin i subboty.
      therefore the Son of Mankind is the lord of the Sabbath
  2. there is, there are, exists/exist (expresses availability, existence or presence)
    Antonym: нет (net)
    в э́той газе́те есть интере́сная статья́v étoj gazéte jestʹ interésnaja statʹjáthere is an interesting article in this newspaper
  3. am/is/are located (at) (usually omitted)
  4. used to express possession
    у меня́ есть вопро́сu menjá jestʹ voprósI have a question
  5. am, is, are (used with any person or thing in any number, usually omitted but used for emphasis)
    кто ты есть?kto ty jestʹ?who are you (at all)?
Usage notes
  • This form of быть (bytʹ) is special and most frequently used in the present tense, for past and future tense and other forms, see быть (bytʹ).
  • The pre-reform orthography (1918) form ѣсть (jěstʹ) doesn't apply to this sense, only to the sense "to eat"; thus, the two terms were spelled differently before the reform.

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English yes.

Pronunciation

Interjection

есть (jestʹ) (military, not in general use)

  1. yes!, hooray!
  2. okay, right, roger
  3. (military) yessir!
  4. (nautical) aye-aye!

References

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “есть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Anagrams