سے

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See also: سی, شي, and شی

Punjabi

Pronunciation

Noun

سے • (se) m (Shahmukhi spelling سے)

  1. (Majhi) Alternative form of سیو (sev)

Urdu

Etymology

Uncertain.

Maybe from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀳𑀺𑀤 (sahida), from Sanskrit सहित (sahita, “with; accompanying”).

Sometimes also thought to be from Sanskrit सम (sama). Compare Braj सौं (sa͠u).

Pronunciation

Postposition

سے • (se) (Hindi spelling से)

  1. indicates association or mutual dealing: by; with; to
    وہ روز اپنے پڑوسی سے لڑتا ہے۔
    vo roz apne paṛosī se laṛtā hai.
    He fights with his neighbor every day.
    میں نے اپنی ماں سے پوچھا۔
    ma͠i ne apnī mā̃ se pūchā.
    I asked mother.
  2. indicates a sense of removal or going: from
    1. indicates exiting or separation
      وہ گھر سے نکل کر ڈاک گھر چلا۔
      vo ghar se nikal kar ḍāk-ghar calā.
      He left from the house and went to the post office.
    2. indicates source, cause, reason
      یہ تلوار دو صدیوں پہلے لوہے سے بنایا گیا تھا۔
      ye talvār do sadiyõ pahle lohe se banāyā gayā thā.
      This sword was made from iron two centuries ago.
    3. indicates origin, beginning
      میں کراچی سے آیا ہوں۔
      ma͠i karācī se āyā hū̃.
      I've come here from Karachi.
      کل سے ― kal se ― since yesterday
  3. comparative postposition: than
    میں اُس سے ہوشیار ہوں۔
    ma͠i us se hośiyār hū̃.
    I'm smarter than him.
  4. indicates passage of time
    امی دیر سے یہاں بیٹھی ہوئی ہے۔
    ammī der se yahā̃ baiṭhī huī hai.
    Mom has been sitting here for a while.
    میں دو ہفتے سے بیمار ہوں۔
    ma͠i do hafte se bīmār hū̃.
    I have been sick for two weeks.
  5. indicates means or agency
    اِس کپڑے کو پانی سے دھونا ہو گا۔
    is kapṛe ko pānī se dhonā ho gā.
    This cloth will have to be washed with water.
  6. indicates manner of doing; forms adverbs
    دھیان سے سنیں۔
    dhyān se sunẽ.
    Listen carefully.
    (literally, “Listen with attention.”)
    میں بہت مشکل سے امتحان پاس ہوا۔
    ma͠i bahot muśkil se imtahān pās huā.
    I passed the exam with great difficulty.

Synonyms

References

  • Platts, John T. (1884) “سے”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “سے”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.

Ushojo

Pronoun

سے (sē)

  1. they
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