शम्

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱemh₂- (“to toil, to exert oneself”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κάμνω (kámnō, “to labour, to work hard”).

शम् • (śam)

1. to toil at, fatigue or exert one's self (especially in performing ritual acts)
2. to prepare, arrange
3. to become tired, finish, stop, come to an end, rest, be quiet, calm, satisfied or contented
4. to cease, be allayed or extinguished
5. to put an end to, hurt, injure, destroy
6. to appease, allay, alleviate, pacify, calm, soothe, settle
7. to kill, slay, destroy, remove, extinguish
8. to leave off, desist
9. to conquer, subdue
10. to be entirely appeased or extinguished

Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.

Primary Verbal Forms

Derived Nominal Forms

Prefixed Root Forms

From an earlier *श्वम् (śvam), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwamH-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“to swell, to be strong”). Compare श्वयति (śvayati), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬇𐬧 (spə̄ṇ, “beneficial”).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ́m/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕɐm/

शम् • (śám)

1. auspiciously, fortunately, happily, well

• शंकर (śaṃkara)
• शंतनु (śaṃtanu)
• शम्भु (śambhu)

• Monier Williams (1899) “शम्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1053/3.
• Monier Williams (1899) “शम्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1054/2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 609-610; 610-611