玻璃
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Chinese
| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (玻璃) | 玻 | 璃 | |
| simp. #(玻璃) | 玻 | 璃 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 玻玏 | ||
| alternative forms | 玻瓈／玻璃 | ||
Etymology
From Prakrit 𑀨𑀸𑀮𑀺𑀅 (phālia) (Ji, 1998v4); from Sanskrit स्फटिक (sphaṭika). Cognate with Pali phalika (“crystal”), Thai ผลึก (pà-lʉ̀k, “crystal”), Lao ຜະລຶກ (pha lưk), ຜະລິກະ (pha li ka), Khmer ផលិក (phɑlək), etc. The meaning has been shifted to refer to glass (the material).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bo1 ni2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): бәли (bəli, I-I)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bo1 lei4-1 / bo1 lei4
- Gan (Wiktionary): bo1 li
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): be1 li3
- Eastern Min (BUC): bŏ̤-là̤
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bor1 li2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1pu-li
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ˙ㄌㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: boli̊
- Wade–Giles: po1-li5
- Yale: bwō-li
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bo.li
- Palladius: боли (boli)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li²/
- (Standard Chinese, former standard in Mainland, common variant in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ㄌㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bolí
- Wade–Giles: po1-li2
- Yale: bwō-lí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: boli
- Palladius: боли (boli)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: bo1 ni2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bo li
- Sinological IPA (key): /po⁵⁵ ni²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: бәли (bəli, I-I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pə²⁴ li²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: bo1 lei4-1 / bo1 lei4
- Yale: bō lēi / bō lèih
- Cantonese Pinyin: bo1 lei4-1 / bo1 lei4
- Guangdong Romanization: bo1 léi4-1 / bo1 léi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹⁻⁵⁵/, /pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Note: bo1 lei4 - literary, rare.
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: bo1 li
- Sinological IPA (key): /po⁴² li²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pô-lì
- Hakka Romanization System: boˊ liˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: bo1 li2
- Sinological IPA: /po²⁴ li¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: boˋ li
- Sinological IPA: /po⁵³ li⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: be1 li3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /pɤ¹¹ li⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bŏ̤-là̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /po⁵⁵ l̃ɛ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bor1 li2
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɒ⁵³³⁻²¹ li¹³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: pha lje
Noun
玻璃
- glass (Classifier: 張／张 m; 塊／块 m c)
- generic term for any film material with glass-like transparency, such as cellophane, nylon, plastic, etc. (Classifier: 張／张 m; 塊／块 m)
- (Wuhan Mandarin, humorous) eyeglasses; spectacles
- (Sichuanese, humorous) plain boiled water
- (slang) gay person; male homosexual
Synonyms
- (glass): 琉璃 (liúlí)
- (eyeglasses):
Dialectal synonyms of 眼鏡 (“eyeglasses”)
Derived terms
- 光學玻璃 / 光学玻璃
- 吸熱玻璃 / 吸热玻璃
- 吹玻璃
- 塑膠玻璃 / 塑胶玻璃
- 安全玻璃
- 嵌玻璃
- 強化玻璃 / 强化玻璃
- 彩繪玻璃 / 彩绘玻璃 (cǎihuì bōli)
- 彩色玻璃 (cǎisè bōli)
- 擋風玻璃 / 挡风玻璃
- 有機玻璃 / 有机玻璃 (yǒujī bōlí)
- 有色玻璃 (yǒusè bōli)
- 毛玻璃 (máobōli)
- 水晶心肝玻璃人
- 水玻璃 (shuǐbōli)
- 泡沫玻璃
- 火玻璃
- 玻璃圈
- 玻璃天花板 (bōli tiānhuābǎn)
- 玻璃小鞋
- 玻璃布
- 玻璃帷幕
- 玻璃心 (bōlixīn)
- 玻璃心肝
- 玻璃杯 (bōlibēi)
- 玻璃泉
- 玻璃浮雕
- 玻璃液
- 玻璃烤
- 玻璃版 (bōlibǎn)
- 玻璃狀態 / 玻璃状态
- 玻璃畫 / 玻璃画
- 玻璃目
- 玻璃磚 / 玻璃砖
- 玻璃窗
- 玻璃粉
- 玻璃紐 / 玻璃纽
- 玻璃紙 / 玻璃纸
- 玻璃絲 / 玻璃丝
- 玻璃絲襪 / 玻璃丝袜 (bōli sīwà)
- 玻璃纖維 / 玻璃纤维
- 玻璃質肥料 / 玻璃质肥料
- 玻璃鋼 / 玻璃钢
- 玻璃門 / 玻璃门
- 玻璃骨 (bōlígǔ)
- 玻璃體 / 玻璃体 (bōlitǐ)
- 石英玻璃
- 硬玻璃
- 硼玻璃
- 磨砂玻璃 (móshā bōli)
- 結晶玻璃 / 结晶玻璃
- 花窗玻璃 (huāchuāng bōli)
- 鈷玻璃 / 钴玻璃
- 鉛玻璃 / 铅玻璃
- 鋼化玻璃 / 钢化玻璃 (gānghuà bōli)
Descendants
Others:
- → Vietnamese: pha lê
References
- Duffus, William (1883) “glass”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 123
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 玻 | 璃 |
| は Hyōgai |
り Grade: S |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
Synonyms
Derived terms
References
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 玻 | 璃 |
Noun
玻璃
chữ Hán form of pha lê (“lead glass; crystal”).