粘
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See also: 黏
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Translingual
Han character
粘 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 火木卜口 (FDYR), four-corner 91960, composition ⿰米占)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 907, character 40
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26901
- Dae Jaweon: page 1334, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3144, character 12
- Unihan data for U+7C98
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 頕 | *taːm |
| 煔 | *ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms |
| 炶 | *ɦlaːm |
| 詀 | *rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb |
| 站 | *rteːms |
| 檆 | *sreːm |
| 黏 | *nem |
| 粘 | *nem |
| 枮 | *slem, *ʔl'ɯm |
| 霑 | *tem |
| 沾 | *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm |
| 覘 | *tems, *tʰem |
| 鉆 | *tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb |
| 占 | *ʔljem, *tjems |
| 颭 | *tjemʔ |
| 佔 | *tjems, *teːm |
| 苫 | *hljem, *hljems |
| 痁 | *hljem, *teːms |
| 蛅 | *njem |
| 阽 | *lem |
| 敁 | *teːm |
| 掂 | *tiːm |
| 點 | *teːmʔ |
| 玷 | *teːmʔ, *teːms |
| 店 | *tiːms |
| 坫 | *tiːms, *tim |
| 黇 | *tʰeːm |
| 扂 | *deːmʔ |
| 拈 | *neːm |
| 鮎 | *neːm |
| 砧 | *ʔl'ɯm |
| 笘 | *teːb |
| 跕 | *teːb, *tʰeːb |
| 貼 | *tʰeːb |
| 帖 | *tʰeːb |
| 怗 | *tʰeːb |
| 呫 | *tʰeːb |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *nem): semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems) – glutinous, sticky rice.
Etymology 1
| trad. | 粘 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 粘 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhān
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhan
- Wade–Giles: chan1
- Yale: jān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jan
- Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җан (žan, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂæ̃²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nim1 / nim4 / zim1
- Yale: nīm / nìhm / jīm
- Cantonese Pinyin: nim1 / nim4 / dzim1
- Guangdong Romanization: nim1 / nim4 / jim1
- Sinological IPA (key): /niːm⁵⁵/, /niːm²¹/, /t͡siːm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiam
- Tâi-lô: tsiam
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciafm
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siam³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siam⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâm
- Tâi-lô: liâm
- Phofsit Daibuun: liaam
- IPA (Taipei): /liam²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /liam¹³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /liam²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Note:
- chiam/liâm - literary;
- chiam - vernacular (Zhangzhou).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: liam1 / niam1 / niang1 / liam5 / niam5 / niang5 / ziam1 / ziang1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liam / niam / niang / liâm / niâm / niâng / tsiam / tsiang
- Sinological IPA (key): /liam³³/, /niam³³/, /niaŋ³³/, /liam⁵⁵/, /niam⁵⁵/, /niaŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡siam³³/, /t͡siaŋ³³/
Note:
- liam1/liam5/ziam1 - Chaozhou;
- niam1/niam5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai;
- niang1/niang5/ziang1 - Chenghai.
- Middle Chinese: nrjem
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*nem/
Definitions
粘
Compounds
Etymology 2
From Jurchen. The ancestor of the clan was a Jin imperial family member Wanyan Zonghan (完顏宗翰), known as 粘沒喝 / 粘没喝 (Niánmòhē) in Jurchen. His children abandoned their original surname 完顏 / 完颜 (Wányán) and used the first character of their father's given name as their new name so as to avoid persecution by Emperor Xizong of Jin.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: Nián
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Nián
- Wade–Giles: Nien2
- Yale: Nyán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Nian
- Palladius: Нянь (Njanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Southern Min
Definitions
粘
- a surname
Etymology 3
| For pronunciation and definitions of 粘 – see 黏 (“sticky; glutinous; to adhere; to stick”). (This character is a variant form of 黏). |
References
- “粘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
粘
Readings
- Go-on: ねん (nen, Jōyō)←ねん (nen, historical)←ねむ (nemu, ancient)
- Kan-on: でん (den)←でん (den, historical)←でむ (demu, ancient)
- Kun: ねばる (nebaru, 粘る, Jōyō)
Korean
Etymology
From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 념 (nyeom) based on Middle Chinese 粘 (MC nrjem).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 념 (Yale: nyem) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
- Phonetic hangul:
Hanja
Compounds
References
Vietnamese
Han character
粘: Hán Nôm readings: niêm, chiêm, dính
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