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U+8EDF, 軟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8EDF

CJK Unified Ideographs

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 159, +4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十十弓人 (JJNO), four-corner 57082, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1240, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38213
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1716, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3518, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+8EDF

Chinese

trad.
simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *njonʔ) : semantic + phonetic (OC *njonʔ). turned into over time due to a popular variant.

The meaning of the radical of the chariot is not fully clear. It could be linked to the synoym , which indicates the wood soft enough to be cut, or it could indicate the concept of being tired and weak after dragging a heavy chariot, hence "soft"; the right component could add part of the meaning, since it originally depicts a man under the rain, hence getting soaked (perhaps while dragging a heavy chariot). Today's component 欠 depicts a man kneeling with an open mouth, perhaps while breathing due to exhaustion.

Etymology

Probably cognate with (OC *mlju, “soft”), see there for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • loán - literary;
  • nńg/núi - vernacular (“soft; weak; easily moved; relaxed”).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʐuan²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʐuan²¹³/
Tianjin /yan¹³/
/ʐuan¹³/
Jinan /luã⁵⁵/
Qingdao /yã⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʐuan⁵³/
Xi'an /vã⁵³/
Xining /uã⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʐuan⁵³/
Lanzhou /vɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʐuan⁵¹/
/van⁵¹/
Wuhan /yɛn⁴²/
Chengdu /zuan⁵³/
Guiyang /zuan⁴²/
Kunming /ʐuã̠⁵³/
Nanjing /ʐuaŋ²¹²/
Hefei /ʐʊ̃²⁴/
/ʐən²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /zuæ̃⁵³/
Pingyao /nzuɑŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /ʐuæ̃⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵyø²³/
Suzhou /ŋø³¹/
Hangzhou /nuõ⁵³/
Wenzhou /ȵy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ne³⁵/
Tunxi /ȵyɛ²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /yẽ⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ȵyẽ⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵyɵn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /ŋion⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ŋion²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jyn²³/
Nanning /yn²⁴/
Hong Kong /jyn¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /luan⁵³/
/nŋ̍⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nuoŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /nuiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /nɯŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /nui²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (38)
Final () (78)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter nywenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ȵiuᴇnX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ȵʷiɛnX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȵʑjuænX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ȵwianX/
Li
Rong
/ȵiuɛnX/
Wang
Li
/ȵʑĭwɛnX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȵʑi̯wɛnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ruǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jyun5
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 10902
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*njonʔ/
Notes

Definitions

  1. soft; flexible; pliable
    上去 [MSC, trad.]
    上去 [MSC, simp.]
    māo de máo mō shàngqù hěn ruǎn
    A cat's fur is soft to the touch.
    我們進去 [MSC, trad.]
    我们进去 [MSC, simp.]
    Ní hěn ruǎn, wǒmen de jiǎo dōu xiàn jìnqù le.
    The mud was soft and our feet sank in.
  2. soft; gentle; mild; relaxed
    態度下來 [MSC, trad.]
    态度下来 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā de tàidù ruǎn le xiàlái.
    His attitude has softened.
    聲音声音  ―  Tā de shēngyīn hěn ruǎn.  ―  His voice is very gentle.
  3. weak; feeble
      ―  Tā de liǎng tuǐ fā ruǎn.  ―  Her legs felt weak.
  4. (Cantonese, Hokkien) easily moved and swayed; empathic; unable to uphold the initial opinion

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of soft): (yìng)

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. soft; flexible; pliable
  2. soft; gentle; mild
  3. weak; feeble

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

(yeon) (hangeul , revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)

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Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: nhuyễn, nhiễn, nhũn, nhung

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