黍
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Translingual
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Han character
黍 (Kangxi radical 202, 黍+0, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹木人水 (HDOE), four-corner 20132, composition ⿳禾𠆢氺)
- Kangxi radical #202, ⿉.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1517, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47991
- Dae Jaweon: page 2049, character 33
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4759, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9ECD
Chinese
| trad. | 黍 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 黍 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 黍 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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A cereal 禾 with water 水 or kernels under it. The water may symbolize the wine made from millet or the fact that millet sticky and water-resistant; otherwise, given that millet is a resistant plant that can grow on dry ground, the "water" component remains unexplained. See 黎, in which the radical appears as a contracted form.
Etymology
Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *nhaʔ, comparing it to Tibetan ནས་ (nas, “barley”). STEDT provisionally reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nas (“highland barley”).
However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstruct Old Chinese *s-tʰaʔ based on aspirated affricate reflexes in certain Mandarin dialects, e.g. Hefei tʂʰu³, Yangzhou tsʰu³, as well as sound gloss evidence from Shuowen. This would make the comparison to Tibetan less plausible.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): xy3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): su2
- Northern Min (KCR): sṳ̌
- Eastern Min (BUC): sē̤ / sṳ̄
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): soe3 / sy3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5sy
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xy3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: shǔ
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shǔ
- Wade–Giles: shu3
- Yale: shǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuu
- Palladius: шу (šu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂu²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: su3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: su
- Sinological IPA (key): /su⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: syu2
- Yale: syú
- Cantonese Pinyin: sy2
- Guangdong Romanization: xu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /syː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: si2
- Sinological IPA (key): /si⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: xy3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕy²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sú
- Hakka Romanization System: suˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: su3
- Sinological IPA: /su³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: shuˊ
- Sinological IPA: /ʃu²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: su2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /su⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̌
- Sinological IPA (key): /sy²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sē̤ / sṳ̄
- Sinological IPA (key): /sœ³³/, /sy³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- sē̤ - vernacular;
- sṳ̄ - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: soe3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sê̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬø⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: soe3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬø³³²/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sy3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sṳ̂
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬy⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sy3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬy³³²/
- (Putian)
Note:
- soe3 - vernacular;
- sy3 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sóe
- Tâi-lô: sué
- Phofsit Daibuun: soea
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sue⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /sue⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sé
- Tâi-lô: sé
- Phofsit Daibuun: sea
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /se⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /se⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sú
- Tâi-lô: sú
- Phofsit Daibuun: suo
- IPA (Quanzhou): /su⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /su⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sír
- Tâi-lô: sír
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sí
- Tâi-lô: sí
- Phofsit Daibuun: sie
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
Note:
- Xiamen, Zhangzhou:
- sóe/sé - vernacular;
- sú/sí - literary.
- Quanzhou:
- sóe - vernacular;
- sír - literary;
- sú - colloquial variant.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: siu2 / su2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siú / sú
- Sinological IPA (key): /siu⁵²/, /su⁵²/
Note:
- siu2 - vernacular;
- su2 - literary.
Note:
- soi2 - vernacular;
- xi2 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: syoX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tʰaʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hljaʔ/
Definitions
黍
- proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) (especially glutinous varieties, but also generic)
- 我蓺黍稷。我黍與與、我稷翼翼。
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Wǒ yì shǔ jì. Wǒ shǔ yúyú, wǒ jì yìyì.
- That we might plant our broomcorn millet and foxtail millet; that our broomcorn millet might be abundant, and our foxtail millet luxuriant.
我蓺黍稷。我黍与与、我稷翼翼。
- (dialectal Eastern Min, Putian Puxian Min) sorghum
- (Leizhou Min) corn; maize
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 高粱 (“sorghum”)
Dialectal synonyms of 玉米 (“corn; maize”)
See also
Compounds
- 不失黍絫
- 不差累黍 (bùchālěishǔ)
- 不爽累黍
- 以戈舂黍
- 作黍
- 嗇黍 / 啬黍
- 委黍
- 巨黍
- 弄黍
- 搏黍
- 摶黍 / 抟黍
- 故宮禾黍 / 故宫禾黍
- 杪黍
- 歌黍
- 殺雞炊黍 / 杀鸡炊黍
- 殺雞為黍 / 杀鸡为黍
- 毫黍
- 燔黍
- 燔黍捭豚
- 燔黍擘豚
- 玉蜀黍 (yùshǔshǔ)
- 禾黍
- 禾黍之傷 / 禾黍之伤
- 禾黍之悲
- 禾黍故宮 / 禾黍故宫
- 秬黍
- 秫黍
- 稌黍
- 稻黍
- 稷黍
- 穈黍
- 累黍
- 縱黍尺 / 纵黍尺
- 纍黍 / 累黍
- 范張雞黍 / 范张鸡黍
- 茅黍
- 蘆黍 / 芦黍
- 蜀黍 (shǔshǔ)
- 蟬鳴黍 / 蝉鸣黍
- 角黍
- 距黍
- 鉅黍 / 巨黍
- 銖黍 / 铢黍
- 雞黍 / 鸡黍 (jīshǔ)
- 雞黍之約 / 鸡黍之约
- 雞黍期 / 鸡黍期
- 雞黍約 / 鸡黍约
- 離黍 / 离黍
- 香黍
- 鶩角黍 / 鹜角黍
- 黃黍 / 黄黍
- 黍仔
- 黍子 (shǔzi)
- 黍尺
- 黍民
- 黍油麥秀 / 黍油麦秀
- 黍炊
- 黍田
- 黍禾
- 黍秀宮庭 / 黍秀宫庭
- 黍秫
- 黍秸
- 黍稷
- 黍稷情
- 黍穗
- 黍穟
- 黍穰
- 黍米 (shǔmǐ)
- 黍米酒
- 黍粽
- 黍糕
- 黍累
- 黍絲 / 黍丝
- 黍絫
- 黍肫
- 黍臛
- 黍苗
- 黍薦 / 黍荐
- 黍觴 / 黍觞
- 黍谷
- 黍谷生春
- 黍豚
- 黍酏
- 黍酒
- 黍醅
- 黍醴
- 黍銖 / 黍铢
- 黍離 / 黍离 (shǔlí)
- 黍離麥秀 / 黍离麦秀
- 黍雪
- 黍飯 / 黍饭
- 黍飴 / 黍饴
- 黍黍
- 黍黏子
- 黏黍
- 齏黍 / 齑黍
References
- (Min Nan) “黍”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
- ^ Francesca Bray, "Millet cultivation in China: a historical survey," Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée, 28(3): 291-307, 1981.
Japanese
Kanji
黍
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 黍 |
| きび Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 稷 |
/kimi/ → /kibi/
First cited to a text from 1241.
Pronunciation
Noun
- common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum
- synonym of 蜀黍 (morokoshi): sorghum
- synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi): corn, maize
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as キビ (kibi).
Derived terms
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 黍 |
| きみ Hyōgai |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 稷 |
⟨ki1mi1⟩ → */kʲimʲi/ → /kimi/
From Old Japanese.
The proso millet was introduced to Japan in the Yayoi period.
Noun
- (obsolete) the common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum
- (obsolete) synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi): corn, maize
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 “きび 【黍・稷】
”, in 日本国語大辞典 (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
黍 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
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Old Japanese
Etymology
From Proto-Japonic *kimi.
The proso millet was introduced to Japan in the Yayoi period.
Noun
黍 (ki₁mi₁) (kana きみ)
- the common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum
Descendants
- Japanese: 黍 (kimi → kibi)
References
Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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