Appendix:Terms derived from toponyms

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This is a list of words derived from toponyms, followed by the place name it is derived from. See also Wikipedia:List of words derived from toponyms.

• Alberta clipper — a weather phenomenon named after the Canadian province of Alberta where it originates
• angora/Angora — named after Angora, variant or former name of Ankara, their place of origin
• Armageddon — after "mount of Megiddo", where the battle was to be fought according to myth
• balkanization — after the Balkans, region in southeastern Europe similarly divided into small nations in the twentieth century
• Bedford cord, a heavy fabric with a ribbed weave similar to corduroy; named after either Bedford, England or possibly New Bedford, Massachusetts.
• bedlam — meaning pandemonium, after popular name/pronunciation of St Mary of Bethlehem Hospital, London's first psychiatric hospital
• Bedlington terrier, a breed of dog, after Bedlington, UK
• bikini — two-piece bathing suit for women, after Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands where atomic bombs were tested in between 1946 and 1958; supposedly analogous to the "explosive" effect on the male libido.
• blarney — Blarney Castle
• Boeotian, an ancient Greek term for a fool, after the Boeotian people
• bohemian — term referring to artists, writers, and other people who wished to live an unconventional, vagabond, or "gypsy" lifestyle; from Bohemia, where "gypsies" were erroneously thought to originate. See also gypsy, below.
• Bronx cheer — a noise made by the mouth to signify derision; after The Bronx, a borough of New York City
• brummagem — goods of shoddy quality; from a local pronunciation of Birmingham, city in the United Kingdom
• bungalow — a low building or house, from a Gujarati word meaning "Bengalese", used elliptically to mean a house built in the style of Bengal
• byzantine, used to describe any work, law, or organization that is excessively complex or difficult to understand, named after Byzantine Empire
• calico — a type of cloth named after Calicut, where Europeans first obtained it. Calico cat and calico horse are derived from the appearance of their mottled coat suggesting calico cloth.
• canary — a small yellow bird, originating on and named after the Canary Islands, specifically the largest island, Gran Canaria, called in Latin Insula Canaria, "island of dogs", after the wild native dogs found there.
• Caucasian — name for the "white race", coined by anthropologist Johann Blumenbach after Caucasus Mountains, their supposed ancestral homeland.
• chautauqua — a form of local fair, after Chautauqua, New York, where the first one was held
• Chicago Typewriter, a nickname for the Thompson submachine gun
• china — originally chinaware, as in "wares from China"
• Chinese wall, artificial organizational barrier, derived from Great Wall of China
• coach — a type of carriage, ultimately from Hungarian kocsi (szekér) or "carriage of Kocs", where this vehicle was first made.
• Coventry (in the construction "Sent to Coventry"): shunned by friends and family, after the treatment of Royalist prisoners during the English Civil War
• damask — material, from Damascus
• denim — a coarse cotton fabric, from French serge de Nîmes, or "serge of Nîmes", where the cloth originated.
• dollar — a unit of currency, originally from the German taler, an abbreviation of Joachimstaler ("gulden of Joachimstal"), a coin minted (1519) from silver mined near Joachimsthal, Bohemia
• donnybrook — colloquial term for a brawl or fracas, derived from Donnybrook Fair, an annual horse fair in the Dublin suburb notorious for fighting and drunkenness.
• doolally or
• duffel or duffle — heavy woollen cloth, hence duffel coat and duffel bag; after Duffel, a town in Belgium where it was first made
• Dunkirk spirit, after the evacuation of Dunkirk in World War II
• fez, (also called tarboosh), a hat — Fez, a city in Morocco
• Finlandization, the influence a large country can have on a smaller one, after Finland
• Gibraltar, used as a word for a fortress or stronghold, named after the peninsula
• Glasgow kiss, a slang term meaning headbutt — Glasgow, Scotland
• Gypsies, nomadic peoples in Europe and United States — Egypt
• habanera — a musical style named after Havana, Cuba
• Havana, cigar — from capital of Cuba
• Honiton, a form of lace, after the town in Devon (England) where it is produced
• holland, cotton or linen fabric — Holland
• Iliad — a long narrative poem, or a series of woes, trials, etc.; both derive from the Homeric epic Iliad, literally meaning "of Ilium" (or Troy).
• Indian, the aboriginal peoples of the New World - after India
• it's all Greek to me, not understandable — Greek language of Greece
• jeans, denim trousers; Genoa.
• Jersey cattle (also tomato, milk, cream, jumper) — Jersey, one of the Channel Islands
• labyrinth, maze, after a legendary structure on Crete
• Left Bank, style of life, fashion, or "look" — "Left Bank", bank of the Seine which is to the left, near Paris
• lesbian, female homosexual — Lesbos, island in Greece
• magenta, colour — named after Magenta, Italy
• marathon, long race — Marathon, Greece, town
• madras, lightweight cotton fabic — Madras, old name for Chennai, coastal city in southeastern India
• manila envelope, manila fiber, manila paper — Manila, city in Philippines
• Marseillaise, national anthem of France — Marseille, city in France
• Masada, a mass suicide when conditions are hopeless, after Masada, Israel
• Mausoleum, a large and impressive tomb — Mausoleum of Maussollos in Turkey
• mecca, ultimate destination or activity center — Mecca, holy city in Saudi Arabia
• Mongoloid race — Mongolia, country in northern Asia
• Neanderthal man, known by his fossils — Neanderthal, Germany, valley where the fossils were found
• Olympics, worldwide games — Mount Olympus, tallest mountain in Greece
• Paisley, used in shawls — Paisley, Scotland
• Portland cement — named after the Isle of Portland, England
• the Rubicon, the point of no return — Rubicon (or Rubico), Latin name for a small river in northern Italy
• Rhode Island Red — Chicken named after Rhode Island
• rugby — Rugby School, in Rugby, Warwickshire, central England
• shambhala
• shanghai - drugged and forced into service aboard a ship, from Shanghai, China.
• Siamese twins, conjoined twins — Siam, old name for Thailand
• Siberia, a remote undesirable location — Siberia, in eastern Russia
• skid row, originally Skid Road of Seattle, now the rundown area of a U.S. city
• sodomy, forbidden sexual acts — Sodom, Biblical town on the plain of the Jordan River
• solecism, incorrect or ungrammatical usage of language — Soli an ancient city in Cilicia, where a dialect of Greek regarded as substandard was spoken.
• spa, place having water with health-giving properties — Spa, a municipality in Belgium
• surrey, horse-drawn carriage — Surrey, southern England
• Timbuktu, metaphor for an exotic, distant land — Timbuktu, city on the Niger River in Mali, West Africa
• Trojan horse, malicious computer virus — Trojan Horse, of Troy, from the Iliad
• tuxedo, after Tuxedo Park, New York
• Xanadu, a symbol of opulence — Xanadu (or Shangdu), summer capital of Kublai Khan's empire
• Zion

• Abu Ghraib (Iraq) — the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse scandal in 2003
• Attica (New York) — the Attica Prison riots in 1971
• Beijing (China) — the Fourth World Conference on Women in 1994
• Bretton Woods (New Hampshire) — The Bretton Woods system from 1944
• Cairo (Egypt) — the International Conference on Population and Development of 1994
• Camp David (U.S. presidential retreat in Maryland) — the Camp David Accords of 1978 and the Camp David 2000 Summit
• Copenhagen (Denmark) — the World Summit for Social Development in 1995
• Doha (Qatar) — the Doha round of World Trade Organization negotiations that began in 2001
• Durban (South Africa) — the World Conference against Racism in 2001
• Geneva (Switzerland) — the Geneva Conventions, and the unofficial Geneva Accord negotiations of 2003
• Gettysburg (Pennsylvania) — the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863; also the Gettysburg Address later that year.
• Gleneagles (Scotland) — the 31st G8 summit in Gleneagles, Scotland
• Hiroshima (Japan) — the atomic bombing of Hiroshima in 1945
  • Nagasaki (Japan) — was nuked a few days later.
• Jackson State (Mississippi) — the Jackson State killings in 1970
• Kent State (Ohio) — the Kent State shootings in 1970
• Kyoto (Japan) — the Kyoto Protocol of 1997
• Maastricht (Netherlands) — the Maastricht treaty of 1992
• Marrakesh (Morocco) — the Marrakesh Agreement of 1994 establishing the World Trade Organization
• Munich (Germany) — the Munich Agreement of 1938 and the Munich Massacre at the 1972 Summer Olympics
• My Lai (Vietnam) — the My Lai massacre of 1968
• Nuremberg (Germany) — the Nuremberg Trials of 1945 to 1949
• Oslo (Norway) — the Oslo Accords of 1993
• Potsdam (Germany) — the Potsdam Conference in 1945
• Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) — site of the Earth Summit, officially the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) of 1992
• Schengen - Schengen treaty of 1985
• Seattle (Washington, United States) — the 1999 WTO meeting in Seattle
• Tordesillas (Spain) — the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494
• Uruguay — the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations from 1986 to 1994 that transformed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) into the World Trade Organization (WTO).
• Versailles (France) — the Treaty of Versailles in 1919
• Warsaw (Poland) — the Warsaw Pact (1955–1991)
• Waterloo (Belgium) — the Battle of Waterloo in 1815
• Watergate (office building in Washington, D.C.) — the Watergate scandal of 1972 to 1975
• Woodstock (New York) — the Woodstock Festival in 1969
• Yalta (Ukraine) — the Yalta Conference in 1945

• Anjou pear — Anjou
• Bath bun — Bath, England
• berliner, named after Berlin.
• Black Forest, Black Forest Cake, Schwarzwälder Kirschtorte — Black Forest (Schwarzwald), Germany
• Bombay duck, a kind of fish — Bombay, old name for Mumbai, coastal city in western India
• Brussels sprout
• buffalo wings, named for Buffalo, New York, where they originated.
• cantaloupe (also called rockmelon), a variety of melon — Cantalupo, the Pope's summer residence
• cognac
• Coney Island hot dog — named after Coney Island, New York, but apparently invented in the Midwest of the USA.
• Cuban sandwich – submarine sandwich in Florida — Cuba, country in the Caribbean
• Curaçao liqueur — Curaçao
• Danish, a sweet pastry — (in Denmark it is called wienerbrød, which means "bread from Vienna").
• Dijon, mustard named after the French city
• Dover sole — from Dover, England
• Eccles cake — from Eccles, Greater Manchester, England
• frankfurter (or Wiener — from Vienna)
• hamburger — Hamburg, Germany
• hollandaise sauce — Holland
• Jaffa cake and Jaffa orange — Jaffa
• Java, slang for coffee — from island in Indonesia
• Jerusalem artichoke — wrongly associated with Jerusalem
• kiwifruit — from Kiwi, the national symbol of and a nickname for New Zealand.
• Lancashire hotpot — from Lancashire, England.
• Lemon & Paeroa — from mineral water springs at the New Zealand town of Paeroa
• Manhattan cocktail — Manhattan Club in New York City
• martini — Martinez, California, where the precursor to the martini, the Martinez, was developed
• mayonaise — from Mahon, Menorca, Spain
• mocha coffee, ice cream — Mocha, Yemen, place where the coffee is grown
• Peking duck, a Chinese dish made of duck — Peking, old name for Beijing, China
• pomfret cake — from Pontefract, Yorkshire, England
• Salisbury steak — Salisbury, England
• sardine, types of small fish — Sardinia, island in the Mediterranean near Italy
• seltzer (commercial name), Selters, Germany
• shallot — Ashkelon
• Turkish Delight — Turkey
• Valencia orange — Valencia, Spain
• Virginia peanut — Virginia
• Welsh rarebit — A cheese and herb sauce drizzled over hot bread or toast; probably originating from Welsh peasants.
• Yorkshire puddings from Yorkshire

Note: Saskatoon, Saskatchewan is named after the local Saskatoon berry, rather than vice versa.

• Ackawi
• American cheese - common name for processed cheese.
• asiago - after Asiago, the plateau and town in northern Italy where it was first made
• aveyronnais
• Caerphilly - after Caerphilly, a town in Wales
• camembert - after Camembert in France
• cheddar - after Cheddar in Somerset, England where it was originally made
• Cheshire - after Cheshire county in England
• Colby - after Colby, Wisconsin, where it was first made
• Derby - after Derbyshire a county in central England
• Dubliner - after Dublin, Ireland
• Edam - after the town of Edam in the Netherlands
• Emmental - after Emmental, the name of a valley in Switzerland where it was originally made
• Double Gloucester cheese - after Gloucester in England
• Gorgonzola - after Gorgonzola, a village in northern Italy
• Gouda - after the town Gouda in the Netherlands where originally made
• Gruyère - after Gruyère, a district in Switzerland, where it was first made
• Jarlsberg - after the town Jarlsberg in Norway
• Lancashire cheese 1 after Lancashire in England
• Lappi - after Lapland region of Finland
• Leicester - after Leicester in England
• Limburger after Limburg, a former duchy of Lorraine
• Manchego after La Mancha Spain
• Monterey Jack, from Monterey, California (not Monterrey, Mexico)
• Morbier
• Munster after town Munster, Haut-Rhin in Alsace region of France
• Nablusi
• Neufchâtel, from Neufchâtel-en-Bray, the part of Normandy where it originates
• Oaxaca - Oaxaca de Juarez, a state and city in Mexico
• Parmesan - from Parma, Italy
• Romano - after Rome, Italy
• Roquefort - after a village in southern France
• Stilton - after Stilton, a village in England
• Swiss - after Switzerland
• Tilsit - after a town in East Prussia (now Sovetsk, Russia) where is was first produced
• Wensleydale cheese - after Wensleydale in North Yorkshire, England

• Asti — Asti (province), Italy
• Beaujolais
• Bordeaux
• Burgundy
• Chablis
• Champagne, a sparkling wine named after the region of France in which it is produced.
• Chardonnay
• Gamay
• Hock, indirectly from Hochheim in Germany
• Madeira wine, a fortified wine and Plum in madeira, a dessert — Madeira islands of Portugal
• Port wine (or Porto), sweet fortified wine — Porto, in northern Portugal
• Sherry wine, a mispronunciation of Jerez — Jerez de la Frontera, a city in southern Spain

There are some corporations whose name is simply the same as their original location.

• Nokia
• Raisio
• Tikkurila
• Vaasa

See: Chemical elements named after places

• Britpop — British popular music
• Canterbury scene — after Canterbury, Kent, England
• Chicago soul — after Chicago
• Dixieland — after Dixie, nickname for the southern United States
• Dunedin sound — after the New Zealand city of Dunedin
• Madchester — after Manchester, England
• Memphis soul — after Memphis, Tennessee
• Merseybeat — after the River Mersey
• Philly soul — after Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
• Urban Pasifika — after the Pacific Ocean

• cloud cuckoo land, an unrealistically idealistic state where everything is perfect, from The Birds by Aristophanes
• Eden, any paradisaical area, named after the religious Garden of Eden
• El Dorado, any area of great wealth, after the mythical city of gold
• hell, any horrible place, after the religious Hell
• lilliputian, meaning very small in size — Lilliput, fictional island in the book Gulliver's Travels
• Never Never Land, a metaphor for eternal childhood, immortality, and escapism, from J.M.Barries's Peter Pan
• Shangri-La, a mythical utopia, a language usage — Shangri-La, fictional place in the novel Lost Horizon
• utopia, term for organized society — Utopia, fictional republic from the book of the same name

• eponym
• demonym