Template:inflection of

The following documentation is located at Template:inflection of/documentation.

Useful links: subpage list • links • redirects • transclusions • errors (parser/module) • sandbox

Uses Lua:

• Module:form of/templates
• Module:languages/templates

This template is used to create definition lines for inflected (non-lemma) forms. For example, goes, going, went and gone are non-lemma forms of the lemma go, and {{inflection of}} can be used to show the relationship between the lemma and respective non-lemma forms.

This template takes the same general parameters as {{l}} and {{m}}, and it uses the same post-processing on the parameters. This includes script detection, removing diacritics, processing embedded links, and so on.

|1= (required)

The language code of the lemma, of which this term is an inflection. See Wiktionary:List of languages. The parameter |lang= is a deprecated synonym; please do not use. If this is used, all numbered parameters move down by one.

|2= (required)

The lemma of which this term is an inflection. A link is created to the lemma, similar to links created using {{l}} and {{m}} (but normally displayed in upright boldface). To specify more than one lemma, separate them by commas. Inline modifiers can also be attached to individual lemmas to specify transliteration, qualifiers, etc. See the section below on multiple lemmas and inline modifiers.

|3= or |alt=

The alternative display form of the lemma. This works like the third parameter of {{l}} and {{m}}.

|4= (required), |5= ... etc.

One or more grammar tags to show. These give the definition by describing the relevant grammatical properties of this inflected form. A grammar tag can potentially be any text, but certain tags such as nominative, feminine, first-person or subjunctive that are recognized internally will automatically be linked to the appropriate entry in Appendix:Glossary (or in some cases, to the relevant Wiktionary or Wikipedia entry). As an example, nominative is displayed as nominative, with an appropriate link. Certain tags are recognised as shortcuts and are equivalent to spelling out the tag. For example, 1 is equivalent to first-person; both will be displayed as first-person. Similarly, f is equivalent to feminine, and nom is equivalent to nominative. The full, up-to-date list of recognized tags and their shortcuts and display forms is specified below.

Multiple tags are normally separated by spaces, so that e.g. nom|f|s will be displayed as nominative feminine singular. However, when punctuation characters are used as tags, they will be displayed appropriately for that punctuation character. For example, nom|,|with|3|s|object will display as nominative, with third-person singular object (i.e. without a space preceding the comma). Among the punctuation characters recognized and handled correctly are comma, colon, parens, brackets, slash, and hyphen. The full list can be found below.

It is also possible to put // separators between one or more tags or shortcuts to create a list separated by slashes. For example, writing nom//acc will expand to nominative/accusative, and writing nom//acc//voc//dat will expand to nominative/accusative/vocative/dative.

The inflection tag ; is recognized specially and is used to separate two inflections of the same word. Sets of tags separated by a semicolon tag will be displayed on separate lines. See examples below.

|t= or |gloss=

A gloss or short translation of the lemma. Normally not needed, but can be used to disambiguate homonymous lemmas, i.e. multiple lemmas that happen to be spelled the same way, and where the inflected term may be a form of only one of the lemmas. For example, rang is the past tense of ring (“to sound (e.g. a bell)”) but not of the homonymous verb ring (“to surround”), whose past tense is ringed. In such cases, you can also use the |id= parameter to link the lemma to the appropriate section of the page.

|tr=

Transliteration of the lemma, if written in a non-Latin script and the automatically-generated transliteration is either missing or incorrect.

|ts=

Transcription of the lemma, for non-Latin-script terms whose transliteration is markedly different from the actual pronunciation. Should not be used for IPA pronunciations. See {{l}}.

|g=

Gender and number of the lemma. See Module:gender and number for details. To specify multiple gender/number specs for a single lemma, separate them with a comma. Normally not needed, but could be used e.g. to disambiguate homonymous lemmas; see the discussion under the |t= parameter for more information.

|p= or |POS=

Categorization part-of-speech tag of the lemma, or an abbreviation thereof (see below). Not displayed; used *ONLY* for categorization purposes, depending on the particular inflection tags and the language in question. Note that there are related templates {{noun form of}}, {{verb form of}} and {{adj form of}}, which are exactly like {{inflection of}} but automatically set (respectively) the |p=n, |p=v and |p=a parameters.

|pos=

Displayed part-of-speech indication for lemma. See {{l}}. *NOT* the same as the categorization part of speech tag in |p=. The value of this parameter is displayed in parens after the lemma link, similarly to how other links work. Rarely needed.

|lit=

A literal translation for the lemma. See {{l}}. Rarely needed.

|id=

A sense ID for the lemma, which links to anchors on the page set by the {{senseid}} template. Can be used e.g. to disambiguate homonymous lemmas; see the discussion under the |t= parameter for more information.

|sc=

The script code (see Wiktionary:Scripts) for the script that the lemma is written in. See {{l}}. Rarely needed as it is autodetected (usually correctly).

|enclitic=

One or more enclitics that are attached to the inflected form being described. This is useful in agglutinative languages such as Finnish that support enclitics being attached to inflected forms. See Example 5 below. To specify more than one enclitic, separate them by commas. Inline modifiers can also be attached to individual enclitics to specify transliteration, qualifiers, etc. See the section below on inline modifiers.

In some cases, a term is the inflection of multiple lemmas, which work alike and are alternative forms of each other. In this case, rather than duplicating the inflection tags on separate lines with separate calls to {{inflection of}} (one per lemma), you can list multiple lemmas in a single call to {{inflection of}}. To do this, separate the lemmas with a comma (without a following space). You can attach inline modifiers to each individual lemma in place of separate params such as |tr= and |t=, similarly to {{col}} (and variants such as {{col3}}, {{der4}}, etc.); {{syn}} (and variants such as {{ant}}); etc. The general syntax looks like Изабе́лла<tr:Izabɛ́lla><t:Isabelle> to specify modifiers such as transliterations, glosses and qualifiers. With multiple lemmas, the syntax looks like Изабе́ла<tr:Izabɛ́la>,Изабе́лла<tr:Izabɛ́lla><t:Isabelle>. See Example 3 below for an example that uses inline modifiers.

The following modifiers are recognized; see {{link}} for the exact meaning of these modifiers.

• t: gloss
• tr: transliteration
• ts: transcription, for languages where the transliteration and pronunciation are markedly different
• q: qualifier, e.g. rare; this appears *BEFORE* the term, parenthesized and italicized
• qq: qualifier, e.g. rare; this appears *AFTER* the term, parenthesized and italicized
• g: comma-separated list of gender/number specifications
• alt: alternative display text
• pos: part of speech
• lit: literal meaning
• id: sense ID; see {{senseid}}
• sc: script code

Enclitics specified using the |enclitic= parameter can similarly have inline modifiers attached to them. Do not go overboard in the use of these modifiers; it is better in most cases to just specify the bare enclitic and put all the relevant information for the clitic in the linked page. But in some cases it may be necessary to specify e.g. manual transliterations, for languages such as Persian and Hebrew that don't provide automatic transliteration; glosses and/or sense ID's for homonymous enclitics; etc.

On the page for the Spanish non-lemma form aman:

# {{inflection of|es|amar||3|p|pres|act|ind}}

1. third-person plural present active indicative of amar

On the page for the Russian non-lemma form пути́ (putí):

# {{inflection of|ru|путь||gen//dat//pre|s|;|nom//acc|p}}

1. inflection of путь (putʹ):
   1. genitive/dative/prepositional singular
   2. nominative/accusative plural

Note here how the // separator separates tags when multiple tags apply, and ; separates inflections. When ; is used, the display format changes to a multi-line format, as shown. Furthermore, since the lemma is in a non-Latin script in a language with automatic transliteration, that transliteration is automatically shown.

On the page for the Japanese non-lemma form 飛び移らず (tobiutsurazu):

# {{inflection of|ja|飛び移る<tr:tobiutsuru>||neg|continuative}}

1. negative continuative of 飛び移る (tobiutsuru)

Note here how an unrecognized tag continuative is used. Such tags need to be spelled out in full, and won't be linked to anything. Furthermore, in this case, although Japanese uses a non-Latin script, no automatic transliteration is available, so the transliteration needs to be manually supplied if desired.

On the page for the Russian non-lemma form дости́гнем (dostígnem):

# {{inflection of|ru|дости́гнуть,дости́чь||1|p|fut|ind|pfv}}

1. first-person plural future indicative perfective of дости́гнуть (dostígnutʹ) and дости́чь (dostíčʹ)

Here, дости́чь (dostíčʹ) is an alternative infinitive form of the lemma дости́гнуть (dostígnutʹ), so we specify both lemmas, comma-separated, rather than duplicating the {{inflection of}} call on two lines.

On the page for the Finnish non-lemma form kävelisinköhän:

# {{infl of|fi|kävellä||1|s|pres|cond|enclitic=-ko,-han|t=to walk}}

1. first-person singular present conditional of kävellä (“to walk”) (with enclitics -ko and -han)

This particular term is a first-singular present conditional form of the verb kävellä (“to walk”), with two enclitics attached to the end.

On the page for the Gothic non-lemma form 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹 (witāndei):

# {{infl of|got|𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃<tr:witānds>||nom|f|s|prespart-of=𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽<tr:witān><t:to observe>}}

1. nominative feminine singular of 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (witānds), the present participle of 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (witān, “to observe”)

The lemma page contains two different verbs with the same spelling, 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (witan, “to know”) and 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (witān, “to observe”) (with a long vowel). As a result, the page for the above non-lemma form has entries for the same two verbs, and it is necessary to supply the transliteration of the long-vowel variant along with a gloss to disambiguate the two.

On the page for the Ukrainian noun пере́гляд (peréhljad):

# {{infl of|uk|перегляда́ти<g:impf>,перегля́нути<g:pf>,перегля́діти<g:pf>||vnoun}}

1. verbal noun of перегляда́ти impf (perehljadáty), перегля́нути pf (perehljánuty), and перегля́діти pf (perehljádity)

This example shows the use of inline modifiers with multiple lemmas.

The following non-language-specific inflection tags are available for use in describing inflections as per Module:form of/data/1 (more common tags) and Module:form of/data/2 (less common tags):

Other items (such as "atelic") may be used as needed, but should be spelled out in full (see examples).

The following additional non-language-specific shortcuts are available for use in describing inflections as per Module:form of/data/1 (more common shortcuts) and Module:form of/data/2 (less common shortcuts):

The following tables contain all the language-specific information embedded into {{inflection of}}. The following types of information are provided:

1. Language-specific inflection tags.
2. Language-specific non-alias shortcuts (where "non-alias" means any shortcut that is not a simple alias for an inflection tag).
3. Additional parameters that are available for the language in question to display the base lemma where an inflected form (e.g. the comparative, superlative, present participle, past participle, etc.) can in turn be inflected.
4. Language-specific categories that are added in certain circumstances, depending on the particular inflection tags present (and in some cases, the value of the |POS=/|p= parameter, which supplies the part of speech for categorization purposes). The exact circumstances are not currently listed because they may be somewhat complex, but are described exactly in Module:form of/cats.
5. Language-specific labels that are added in circumstances similar to those where categories are added, and which are described in Module:form of/cats. Note that some labels may in turn cause categories to be added, just as with other labels. These categories are listed below along with the labels themselves.

English-specific inflection tags:

English-specific non-alias shortcuts:

English-specific labels (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Azerbaijani-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Breton-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Bulgarian-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Catalan-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Dutch-specific base lemma parameters:

Dutch-specific inflection tags:

Dutch-specific non-alias shortcuts:

Dutch-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Dutch-specific labels (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Estonian-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Finnish-specific inflection tags:

Finnish-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

German-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Gothic-specific base lemma parameters:

Gothic-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Greek-specific base lemma parameters:

Greek-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Hungarian-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Japanese-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Latvian-specific inflection tags:

Latvian-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Lithuanian-specific inflection tags:

Lithuanian-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Livonian-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Macedonian-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Middle English-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Northern Kurdish-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Pali-specific base lemma parameters:

Polish-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Sanskrit-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Scots-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Swahili-specific inflection tags:

Swedish-specific labels (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Tooro-specific inflection tags:

Ukrainian-specific categories (the exact conditions under which these are added are described in Module:form of/cats):

Depending on the particular tags and on the presence/absence of the |p=/|POS= parameter, language-specific or language-independent categories may be added. The exact conditions under which this happens are described in Module:form of/cats, but the following is a list of all language-independent categories that may be added:

(no language-independent categories currently)

Depending on the particular tags and on the presence/absence of the |p=/|POS= parameter, language-specific or language-independent labels may be added, as with categories. The exact conditions under which this happens are described in Module:form of/cats, but the following is a list of all language-independent labels that may be added:

(no language-independent labels currently)

The following part-of-speech tags are available for use as the |p= or |POS= parameter. Note that either the full (canonical) form or any of the short forms can be used and are equivalent.