dhulumu

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Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic .

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-dhulumu (infinitive kudhulumu)

  1. to oppress
  2. to treat unjustly

Conjugation

Conjugation of -dhulumu
Positive present -nadhulumu
Subjunctive -dhulumu
Negative -dhulumu
Imperative singular dhulumu
Infinitives
Positive kudhulumu
Negative kutodhulumu
Imperatives
Singular dhulumu
Plural dhulumuni
Tensed forms
Habitual hudhulumu
Positive past positive subject concord + -lidhulumu
Negative past negative subject concord + -kudhulumu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadhulumu)
Singular Plural
1st person ninadhulumu/nadhulumu tunadhulumu
2nd person unadhulumu mnadhulumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anadhulumu wanadhulumu
other classes positive subject concord + -nadhulumu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -dhulumu)
Singular Plural
1st person sidhulumu hatudhulumu
2nd person hudhulumu hamdhulumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hadhulumu hawadhulumu
other classes negative subject concord + -dhulumu
Positive future positive subject concord + -tadhulumu
Negative future negative subject concord + -tadhulumu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dhulumu)
Singular Plural
1st person nidhulumu tudhulumu
2nd person udhulumu mdhulumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) adhulumu wadhulumu
other classes positive subject concord + -dhulumu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sidhulumu
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngedhulumu
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singedhulumu
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalidhulumu
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalidhulumu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adhulumu)
Singular Plural
1st person nadhulumu twadhulumu
2nd person wadhulumu mwadhulumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) adhulumu wadhulumu
m-mi(III/IV) wadhulumu yadhulumu
ji-ma(V/VI) ladhulumu yadhulumu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chadhulumu vyadhulumu
n(IX/X) yadhulumu zadhulumu
u(XI) wadhulumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwadhulumu
pa(XVI) padhulumu
mu(XVIII) mwadhulumu
Perfect positive subject concord + -medhulumu
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshadhulumu
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jadhulumu
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kidhulumu
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipodhulumu
Consecutive kadhulumu / positive subject concord + -kadhulumu
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kadhulumu
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nidhulumu -tudhulumu
2nd person -kudhulumu -wadhulumu/-kudhulumuni/-wadhulumuni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mdhulumu -wadhulumu
m-mi(III/IV) -udhulumu -idhulumu
ji-ma(V/VI) -lidhulumu -yadhulumu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kidhulumu -vidhulumu
n(IX/X) -idhulumu -zidhulumu
u(XI) -udhulumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kudhulumu
pa(XVI) -padhulumu
mu(XVIII) -mudhulumu
Reflexive -jidhulumu
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dhulumu- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -dhulumuye -dhulumuo
m-mi(III/IV) -dhulumuo -dhulumuyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -dhulumulo -dhulumuyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -dhulumucho -dhulumuvyo
n(IX/X) -dhulumuyo -dhulumuzo
u(XI) -dhulumuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -dhulumuko
pa(XVI) -dhulumupo
mu(XVIII) -dhulumumo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dhulumu)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yedhulumu -odhulumu
m-mi(III/IV) -odhulumu -yodhulumu
ji-ma(V/VI) -lodhulumu -yodhulumu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chodhulumu -vyodhulumu
n(IX/X) -yodhulumu -zodhulumu
u(XI) -odhulumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kodhulumu
pa(XVI) -podhulumu
mu(XVIII) -modhulumu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
  • dhuluma (“injustice, oppression”)
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