haini

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Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَائِن (ḵāʔin).

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-haini (infinitive kuhaini)

  1. to betray, to deceive
    Synonym: -saliti

Conjugation

Conjugation of -haini
Positive present -nahaini
Subjunctive -haini
Negative -haini
Imperative singular haini
Infinitives
Positive kuhaini
Negative kutohaini
Imperatives
Singular haini
Plural hainini
Tensed forms
Habitual huhaini
Positive past positive subject concord + -lihaini
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuhaini
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahaini)
Singular Plural
1st person ninahaini/nahaini tunahaini
2nd person unahaini mnahaini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anahaini wanahaini
other classes positive subject concord + -nahaini
Negative present (negative subject concord + -haini)
Singular Plural
1st person sihaini hatuhaini
2nd person huhaini hamhaini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hahaini hawahaini
other classes negative subject concord + -haini
Positive future positive subject concord + -tahaini
Negative future negative subject concord + -tahaini
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -haini)
Singular Plural
1st person nihaini tuhaini
2nd person uhaini mhaini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahaini wahaini
other classes positive subject concord + -haini
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sihaini
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngehaini
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singehaini
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalihaini
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalihaini
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahaini)
Singular Plural
1st person nahaini twahaini
2nd person wahaini mwahaini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahaini wahaini
m-mi(III/IV) wahaini yahaini
ji-ma(V/VI) lahaini yahaini
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chahaini vyahaini
n(IX/X) yahaini zahaini
u(XI) wahaini see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwahaini
pa(XVI) pahaini
mu(XVIII) mwahaini
Perfect positive subject concord + -mehaini
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshahaini
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jahaini
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kihaini
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipohaini
Consecutive kahaini / positive subject concord + -kahaini
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kahaini
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nihaini -tuhaini
2nd person -kuhaini -wahaini/-kuhainini/-wahainini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mhaini -wahaini
m-mi(III/IV) -uhaini -ihaini
ji-ma(V/VI) -lihaini -yahaini
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kihaini -vihaini
n(IX/X) -ihaini -zihaini
u(XI) -uhaini see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuhaini
pa(XVI) -pahaini
mu(XVIII) -muhaini
Reflexive -jihaini
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -haini- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -hainiye -hainio
m-mi(III/IV) -hainio -hainiyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -hainilo -hainiyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -hainicho -hainivyo
n(IX/X) -hainiyo -hainizo
u(XI) -hainio see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -hainiko
pa(XVI) -hainipo
mu(XVIII) -hainimo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -haini)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yehaini -ohaini
m-mi(III/IV) -ohaini -yohaini
ji-ma(V/VI) -lohaini -yohaini
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chohaini -vyohaini
n(IX/X) -yohaini -zohaini
u(XI) -ohaini see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kohaini
pa(XVI) -pohaini
mu(XVIII) -mohaini
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

Noun

haini class V (plural mahaini class VI)

  1. traitor, betrayer, conspirator

References

  1. ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 97 Nr. 860
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