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Swahili
Etymology
From Malagasy avona (“pride”), formed as if the reflexive form of the unrelated verb -vuna (“to harvest”).
Pronunciation
Verb
-jivuna (infinitive kujivuna)
- to be proud
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -jivuna
|
| Positive present
|
-najivuna
|
| Subjunctive
|
-jivune
|
| Negative
|
-jivuni
|
| Imperative singular
|
jivuna
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hujivuna
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lijivuna
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kujivuna
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -najivuna)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninajivuna/najivuna
|
tunajivuna
|
| 2nd person
|
unajivuna
|
mnajivuna
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anajivuna
|
wanajivuna
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -najivuna
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -jivuni)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sijivuni
|
hatujivuni
|
| 2nd person
|
hujivuni
|
hamjivuni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hajivuni
|
hawajivuni
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -jivuni
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tajivuna
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tajivuna
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -jivune)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nijivune
|
tujivune
|
| 2nd person
|
ujivune
|
mjivune
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ajivune
|
wajivune
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -jivune
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sijivune
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngejivuna
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singejivuna
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalijivuna
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalijivuna
|
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mejivuna
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshajivuna
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jajivuna
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kijivuna
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipojivuna
|
| Consecutive
|
kajivuna / positive subject concord + -kajivuna
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kajivune
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms