kawisha

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Swahili

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-kawisha (infinitive kukawisha)

  1. Causative form of -kawa: to postpone, cause to be delayed

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kawisha
Positive present -nakawisha
Subjunctive -kawishe
Negative -kawishi
Imperative singular kawisha
Infinitives
Positive kukawisha
Negative kutokawisha
Imperatives
Singular kawisha
Plural kawisheni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukawisha
Positive past positive subject concord + -likawisha
Negative past negative subject concord + -kukawisha
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakawisha)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakawisha/nakawisha tunakawisha
2nd person unakawisha mnakawisha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakawisha wanakawisha
other classes positive subject concord + -nakawisha
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kawishi)
Singular Plural
1st person sikawishi hatukawishi
2nd person hukawishi hamkawishi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakawishi hawakawishi
other classes negative subject concord + -kawishi
Positive future positive subject concord + -takawisha
Negative future negative subject concord + -takawisha
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kawishe)
Singular Plural
1st person nikawishe tukawishe
2nd person ukawishe mkawishe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akawishe wakawishe
other classes positive subject concord + -kawishe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikawishe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekawisha
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekawisha
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikawisha
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikawisha
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akawisha)
Singular Plural
1st person nakawisha twakawisha
2nd person wakawisha mwakawisha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akawisha wakawisha
m-mi(III/IV) wakawisha yakawisha
ji-ma(V/VI) lakawisha yakawisha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakawisha vyakawisha
n(IX/X) yakawisha zakawisha
u(XI) wakawisha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwakawisha
pa(XVI) pakawisha
mu(XVIII) mwakawisha
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekawisha
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakawisha
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakawisha
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kikawisha
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokawisha
Consecutive kakawisha / positive subject concord + -kakawisha
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakawishe
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nikawisha -tukawisha
2nd person -kukawisha -wakawisha/-kukawisheni/-wakawisheni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkawisha -wakawisha
m-mi(III/IV) -ukawisha -ikawisha
ji-ma(V/VI) -likawisha -yakawisha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikawisha -vikawisha
n(IX/X) -ikawisha -zikawisha
u(XI) -ukawisha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kukawisha
pa(XVI) -pakawisha
mu(XVIII) -mukawisha
Reflexive -jikawisha
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kawisha- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -kawishaye -kawishao
m-mi(III/IV) -kawishao -kawishayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -kawishalo -kawishayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kawishacho -kawishavyo
n(IX/X) -kawishayo -kawishazo
u(XI) -kawishao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kawishako
pa(XVI) -kawishapo
mu(XVIII) -kawishamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kawisha)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekawisha -okawisha
m-mi(III/IV) -okawisha -yokawisha
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokawisha -yokawisha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokawisha -vyokawisha
n(IX/X) -yokawisha -zokawisha
u(XI) -okawisha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokawisha
pa(XVI) -pokawisha
mu(XVIII) -mokawisha
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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