kosana

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Swahili

Verb

-kosana (infinitive kukosana)

  1. Reciprocal form of -kosa

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kosana
Positive present -nakosana
Subjunctive -kosane
Negative -kosani
Imperative singular kosana
Infinitives
Positive kukosana
Negative kutokosana
Imperatives
Singular kosana
Plural kosaneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukosana
Positive past positive subject concord + -likosana
Negative past negative subject concord + -kukosana
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakosana)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakosana/nakosana tunakosana
2nd person unakosana mnakosana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakosana wanakosana
other classes positive subject concord + -nakosana
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kosani)
Singular Plural
1st person sikosani hatukosani
2nd person hukosani hamkosani
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakosani hawakosani
other classes negative subject concord + -kosani
Positive future positive subject concord + -takosana
Negative future negative subject concord + -takosana
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kosane)
Singular Plural
1st person nikosane tukosane
2nd person ukosane mkosane
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akosane wakosane
other classes positive subject concord + -kosane
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikosane
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekosana
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekosana
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikosana
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikosana
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akosana)
Singular Plural
1st person nakosana twakosana
2nd person wakosana mwakosana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akosana wakosana
m-mi(III/IV) wakosana yakosana
ji-ma(V/VI) lakosana yakosana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakosana vyakosana
n(IX/X) yakosana zakosana
u(XI) wakosana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwakosana
pa(XVI) pakosana
mu(XVIII) mwakosana
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekosana
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakosana
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakosana
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kikosana
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokosana
Consecutive kakosana / positive subject concord + -kakosana
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakosane
Object concord —
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + -kosana- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -kosanaye -kosanao
m-mi(III/IV) -kosanao -kosanayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -kosanalo -kosanayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kosanacho -kosanavyo
n(IX/X) -kosanayo -kosanazo
u(XI) -kosanao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kosanako
pa(XVI) -kosanapo
mu(XVIII) -kosanamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -kosana)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekosana -okosana
m-mi(III/IV) -okosana -yokosana
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokosana -yokosana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokosana -vyokosana
n(IX/X) -yokosana -zokosana
u(XI) -okosana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokosana
pa(XVI) -pokosana
mu(XVIII) -mokosana
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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