orior

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Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *orjōr, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to stir, rise”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμι (órnūmi), Sanskrit ऋणोति (ṛṇóti).

Pronunciation

Verb

orior (present infinitive orīrī, perfect active ortus sum); third conjugation iō-variant, deponent

  1. to rise, get up
    Synonyms: coorior, exorior, oborior, surgō, ēmergō, assurgō
    Antonyms: cadō, concēdō, decēdō, cēdō, intereō, discēdō, excēdō, occidō, pereō
    • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.729–730:
      Iam tua, Lāomedōn, oritur nurus ortaque noctem pellit
      Now, Laomedon, your daughter-in-law is rising, and having risen, she dispels the night
      (That is to say, the goddess of dawn, the Greek Eos or Roman Aurora; her fabled consorts included Tithonus, son of Laomedon of Troy. See also “ortus”, the perfect active participle of the deponent verb “orior”.)
  2. to appear, arise, become visible
    Synonyms: appāreō, pāreō
  3. to be born, come to exist, originate

Usage notes

  • Part of a small group of verbs, all with a short-vowel root, displaying both 3rd and 4th conjugation forms.
  • Present active infinitive only orīrī, other 4th conjugation forms occur, particularly in manuscripts.
  • Past participle exclusively ortus, future participle exclusively oritūrus, gerund almost exclusively oriundus.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of orior (third conjugation iō-variant, deponent)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present orior oreris,
orere 		oritur orimur oriminī oriuntur
imperfect oriēbar oriēbāris,
oriēbāre 		oriēbātur oriēbāmur oriēbāminī oriēbantur
future oriar oriēris,
oriēre 		oriētur oriēmur oriēminī orientur
perfect ortus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect ortus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect ortus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present oriar oriāris,
oriāre 		oriātur oriāmur oriāminī oriantur
imperfect orīrer,
orerer 		orīrēris,
orīrēre,
orerēris,
orerēre 		orīrētur,
orerētur 		orīrēmur,
orerēmur 		orīrēminī,
orerēminī 		orīrentur,
orerentur
perfect ortus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect ortus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — orere — — oriminī —
future — oritor oritor — — oriuntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present orīrī — oriēns —
future oritūrum esse — oritūrus oriendus,
oriundus
perfect ortum esse — ortus —
future perfect ortum fore — — —
perfect potential oritūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
oriendī oriendō oriendum oriendō ortum ortū

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Italian: orire
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *oricāre
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *ortiāre

References

  • “orior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “orior”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • orior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • the Rhine rises in the Alps: Rhenus oritur or profluit ex Alpibus
    • the sun rises, sets: sol oritur, occidit
    • to begin with a long syllable: oriri a longa (De Or. 1. 55. 236)
    • war breaks out: bellum oritur, exardescit
  • Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 326
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