surgo

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Italian

Pronunciation

Verb

surgo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of surgere

Latin

Etymology

From subrigō, surrigō, from sub- (“up from below”) +‎ regō (“lead, rule”).

Pronunciation

Verb

surgō (present infinitive surgere, perfect active surrēxī, supine surrēctum); third conjugation

  1. (intransitive) to rise; to arise; to rise from bed; to get up; to stand up
    Synonyms: ēmergō, assurgō, orior, coorior, oborior
    • 4th c., Jerome, Canticum Canticōrum 2:10
      Surge, properā, amīca mea, formōsa mea, et venī.
      Arise, hurry up, my beloved, my beautiful, and come.
    • 1520, Pope Leo X, Exsurge Domine:
      Exsurge, Domine, et iudica causam Tuam; Memor esto improperiorum tuorum, Eorum quae ab insipiente sunt tota Die.
      Arise, O Lord, and judge your own cause. Remember your reproaches to those who are filled with foolishness all through the day.
  2. (Old Latin, transitive) to lift up; to straighten
    Alternative form: subrigō
    Synonyms: levō, allevō, ēlevō, ērigō, excellō, scandō, ēvehō, efferō, sublīmō, tollō, ēdō
    Antonyms: abiciō, dēiciō
  3. (of things) to occur; to take place; to arise; to manifest; to spring up
    • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.830:
      ‘auspicibus vōbīs hoc mihi surgat opus.’
      “May this work of mine rise under your auspices.”
      (Romulus has marked out the walls of Rome and prays for divine favor.)
  4. (figurative) to become elevated or prestigious

Conjugation

   Conjugation of surgō (third conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present surgō surgis surgit surgimus surgitis surgunt
imperfect surgēbam surgēbās surgēbat surgēbāmus surgēbātis surgēbant
future surgam surgēs surget surgēmus surgētis surgent
perfect surrēxī surrēxistī surrēxit surrēximus surrēxistis surrēxērunt,
surrēxēre
pluperfect surrēxeram surrēxerās surrēxerat surrēxerāmus surrēxerātis surrēxerant
future perfect surrēxerō surrēxeris surrēxerit surrēxerimus surrēxeritis surrēxerint
passive present surgor surgeris,
surgere 		surgitur surgimur surgiminī surguntur
imperfect surgēbar surgēbāris,
surgēbāre 		surgēbātur surgēbāmur surgēbāminī surgēbantur
future surgar surgēris,
surgēre 		surgētur surgēmur surgēminī surgentur
perfect surrēctus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect surrēctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect surrēctus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present surgam surgās surgat surgāmus surgātis surgant
imperfect surgerem surgerēs surgeret surgerēmus surgerētis surgerent
perfect surrēxerim surrēxerīs surrēxerit surrēxerīmus surrēxerītis surrēxerint
pluperfect surrēxissem surrēxissēs surrēxisset surrēxissēmus surrēxissētis surrēxissent
passive present surgar surgāris,
surgāre 		surgātur surgāmur surgāminī surgantur
imperfect surgerer surgerēris,
surgerēre 		surgerētur surgerēmur surgerēminī surgerentur
perfect surrēctus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect surrēctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — surge — — surgite —
future — surgitō surgitō — surgitōte surguntō
passive present — surgere — — surgiminī —
future — surgitor surgitor — — surguntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present surgere surgī surgēns —
future surrēctūrum esse surrēctum īrī surrēctūrus surgendus,
surgundus
perfect surrēxisse surrēctum esse — surrēctus
future perfect — surrēctum fore — —
perfect potential surrēctūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
surgendī surgendō surgendum surgendō surrēctum surrēctū

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  • “surgo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “surgo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • surgo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to rise from one's bed, get up: e lecto or e cubīli surgere
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