shikana

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Swahili

Verb

-shikana (infinitive kushikana)

  1. Reciprocal form of -shika

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shikana
Positive present -nashikana
Subjunctive -shikane
Negative -shikani
Imperative singular shikana
Infinitives
Positive kushikana
Negative kutoshikana
Imperatives
Singular shikana
Plural shikaneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushikana
Positive past positive subject concord + -lishikana
Negative past negative subject concord + -kushikana
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashikana)
Singular Plural
1st person ninashikana/nashikana tunashikana
2nd person unashikana mnashikana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashikana wanashikana
other classes positive subject concord + -nashikana
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shikani)
Singular Plural
1st person sishikani hatushikani
2nd person hushikani hamshikani
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashikani hawashikani
other classes negative subject concord + -shikani
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashikana
Negative future negative subject concord + -tashikana
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shikane)
Singular Plural
1st person nishikane tushikane
2nd person ushikane mshikane
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashikane washikane
other classes positive subject concord + -shikane
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishikane
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshikana
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshikana
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishikana
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishikana
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashikana)
Singular Plural
1st person nashikana twashikana
2nd person washikana mwashikana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashikana washikana
m-mi(III/IV) washikana yashikana
ji-ma(V/VI) lashikana yashikana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashikana vyashikana
n(IX/X) yashikana zashikana
u(XI) washikana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwashikana
pa(XVI) pashikana
mu(XVIII) mwashikana
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshikana
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshashikana
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashikana
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kishikana
"If not" positive subject concord + -siposhikana
Consecutive kashikana / positive subject concord + -kashikana
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashikane
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nishikana -tushikana
2nd person -kushikana -washikana/-kushikaneni/-washikaneni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshikana -washikana
m-mi(III/IV) -ushikana -ishikana
ji-ma(V/VI) -lishikana -yashikana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishikana -vishikana
n(IX/X) -ishikana -zishikana
u(XI) -ushikana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kushikana
pa(XVI) -pashikana
mu(XVIII) -mushikana
Reflexive -jishikana
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shikana- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -shikanaye -shikanao
m-mi(III/IV) -shikanao -shikanayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -shikanalo -shikanayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shikanacho -shikanavyo
n(IX/X) -shikanayo -shikanazo
u(XI) -shikanao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -shikanako
pa(XVI) -shikanapo
mu(XVIII) -shikanamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shikana)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeshikana -oshikana
m-mi(III/IV) -oshikana -yoshikana
ji-ma(V/VI) -loshikana -yoshikana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshikana -vyoshikana
n(IX/X) -yoshikana -zoshikana
u(XI) -oshikana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koshikana
pa(XVI) -poshikana
mu(XVIII) -moshikana
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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