îndura

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See also: indura

Romanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

    Inherited from Latin indūrāre. The original, now obsolete meaning of “be hardhearted”, a continuation of the Latin, was a negative polarity item whose sense reversed after simplification of its negative construction. This semantic reversal had already occurred by the earliest attestations of the word, and the opposing usages can even be found in the same work. The reflex of the Latin meaning, however, is not extinct, as it survived with a different nuance.

    Doublet of indura.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ɨn.duˈra/
    • Rhymes: -a
    • Hyphenation: în‧du‧ra

    Verb

    a îndura (third-person singular present îndură, past participle îndurat) 1st conjugation

    1. (reflexive) to have mercy, take pity
      Synonyms: se milostivi, se milui
    2. (reflexive, catenative, figurative, informal) to deign
      Synonyms: binevoi, catadicsi, se învrednici, (rare, obsolete) cabulipsi
      Profesorul s-a îndurat să îl treacă abia a treia oară când a dat examenul.
      Only on the third time he took the exam did the teacher deign to pass him.
      • 2016 July 6, Andreea Udrea, Evenimentul Zilei, number 7764, →ISSN, page 6:
        Aflați în vacanță, puțini parlamentari s-au îndurat să vină la dezbatere.
        Being on holiday, few members of parliament deigned to come to the debate.
    3. (reflexive, obsolete, chiefly in the negative) to be cruel, be indifferent to someone’s suffering
      • 1800–1830, Costache Conachi, “Аmорі̆ᲈл dіn прі̆еtешᲈгᲈ̆ [Amoriul din prieteșug, Love from friendship]”, in Алкъtᲈірі̆ ші tълmъчірі [Alcătuiri și tălmăciri, Compositions and translations]‎, Iași, published 1856, page 9:
        „Nᲈ tе ꙟndᲈра dе mіnе, nᲈ mъ лъса ла пі̆ерzаре,
        „Фіі̆ ла dᲈрері̆ mілосtівъ, къ tᲈ ешtі̆ а mеа скъпаре!
        Nu te îndura de mine, nu mă lăsa la pierzare,
        Fii la dureri milostivă, că tu ești a mea scăpare!
        Have mercy on me, don’t give me up,
        Be merciful to the pain, as you are my only salvation!
        (literally, “Do not be cruel to me”)
    4. (reflexive, chiefly in the negative, catenative) to have the heart (bring oneself to do something that harms one’s sensibilities)
      Dacă pisica îmi doarme în poală, nu mă îndur să mă ridic.
      If the cat is sleeping in my lap, I don’t have the heart to get up.
    5. (reflexive, chiefly in the negative, obsolete) to have the heart to leave
      • 1895 February, folk belief recorded by I. N. Constantinescu in Ciulnița, Ialomița, Superstițiĭ [Superstitions], in Șezătoarea, year 3, numbers 5, 6, Fălticeni, page 123:
        Mortul care va ține un ochiŭ maĭ deschis, nu se îndură de lumea asta.
        The dead man who keeps an eye slightly open does not have the heart to leave this world.
    6. (transitive) to endure, bear, suffer, withstand
      Synonyms: duce, înghiți, pătimi, răbda, suferi, suporta, tolera
      Poporul român a îndurat dictatura comunistă timp de patruzeci de ani.
      The Romanian people endured the Communist dictatorship for forty years.
      Plantele acestea nu îndură clima de aici.
      These plants can’t withstand the local climate.
    7. (transitive, regional, rare) to allow

    Conjugation

    Derived terms

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    Further reading