чи
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Чи.
See also: -чи and Appendix:Variations of "ci"
Avar
Noun
чи • (či)
See also
Dungan
Etymology 1
Cognate of Mandarin Chinese 汽 (qì)
Pronunciation
Noun
чи • (či) (III)
Etymology 2
Cognate of Mandarin Chinese 氣／气 (qì)
Pronunciation
Noun
чи • (či) (I)
Erzya
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Mordvinic *či~*ši, inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kečä (“circle, ring”). Cognates include Moksha ши (ši, “sun, day, weather”), Finnish kehä (“circle, ring”), Eastern Mari кече (keče, “sun, day”), Komi-Zyrian киш (kiš, “ring, halo”), archaic Hungarian kégy.
The *kəči > *či shift possibly influenced by *ve (“night”).
Pronunciation
Noun
чи • (či)
- (astronomy) sun
- Synonym: чипай (čipaj)
- чись пиди ― čiś piďi ― the sun is blazing
- day
- тундонь чи ― tundoń či ― a spring day
Declension
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
References
- B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “чи”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
- “päike”, in Eesti-ersa sõnaraamat [Estonian-Erzya Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, 2019
- Entry #275 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
Kalmyk
Etymology
From Proto-Mongolic *či.
Pronoun
чи • (çi)
- you (subject pronoun: the person being addressed) (singular)
See also
Kalmyk personal pronouns
| 1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural inclusive | plural exclusive | singular | singular polite | plural | plural polite | regular | from бий (biy, “body”) | |||
| nominative | би (bi) | мадн (madn) | бидн (bidn) | чи (çi) | та (ta) | тадн (tadn) | таанр (taanr) | эврән (evrän), эврәннь (evrännʹ) | бийнь (biynʹ) | ||
| oblique | нам (nam) | ма (ma) | бид (bid) | чи (çi) | та (ta) | тадн (tadn) | таанр (taanr) | эврә (evrä) | бийнь (biynʹ) | ||
| genitive | мини (mini) | мана (mana) | биднә (bidnä) | чини (çini) | тана (tana) | тадна (tadna) | таанрин (taanrin) | эврә (evrä) | бийин (biyin) | ||
| dative | намд (namd), нанд (nand) | манд (mand) | биднд (bidnd) | чамд (çamd) | танд (tand) | таднд (tadnd) | таанрт (taanrt) | эврәд (evräd) | бийд (biyd) | ||
| accusative | намаг (namag), нама (nama), нәмәг (nämäg) | мадниг (madnig), маниг (manig) | бидниг (bidnig) | чамаг (çamag) | таниг (tanig) | тадниг (tadnig) | таанриг (taanrig) | эврәг (evräg) | бийинь (biyinʹ), бийән (biyän) | ||
| instrumental | намар (namar), нанар (nanar) | маднар (madnar), манар (manar) | биднәр (bidnär) | чамар (çamar) | танар (tanar) | таднар (tadnar) | таанрар (taanrar) | эврәһәр (evräğär) | бийәрн (biyärn) | ||
| comitative | намла (namla), нанла (nanla) | маднла (madnla), манла (manla) | биднлә (bidnlä) | чамла (çamla) | танла (tanla) | таднла (tadnla) | таанрла (taanrla) | эврәлә (evrälä) | бийлә (biylä) | ||
| associative | намта (namta), нанта (nanta) | маднта (madnta), манта (manta) | биднтә (bidntä) | чамта (çamta) | танта (tanta) | таднта (tadnta) | таанрта (taanrta) | эврәтә (evrätä) | бийтә (biytä) | ||
| ablative | намас (namas), нанас (nanas) | маднас (madnas), манас (manas) | биднәс (bidnäs) | чамас (çamas) | танас (tanas) | таднас (tadnas) | таанрас (taanras) | эврәһәс (evräğäs) | бийәсн (biyäsn) | ||
| directive | намур (namur), нанур (nanur) | маднур (madnur), манур (manur) | биднүр (bidnür) | чамур (çamur) | танур (tanur) | таднур (tadnur) | таанрур (taanrur) | эврәһүр (evräğür) | бийүрн (biyürn) | ||
Mongolian
Etymology
From Classical Mongolian ᠴᠢ (či), from Middle Mongol ᠴᠢ (či), from Proto-Mongolic *či. Cognate with Dongxiang chi.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈt͡ɕʰi/
- Syllabification: чи (1 syllable)
Pronoun
чи • (či) (Mongolian spelling ᠴᠢ (či))
Declension
Declension of чи
| nominative | чи (či) |
|---|---|
| oblique | чам (čam) |
| possessive determiner | чиний (činii) |
| possessive pronoun | чинийх (činiix) |
| possessive particle | чинь (činʹ) |
| dative-locative | чамд (čamd) |
| accusative | чамайг (čamajg) |
| ablative | чамаас (čamaas) |
| instrumental | чамаар (čamaar) |
| comitative | чамтай (čamtaj) |
| directional | чам руу (čam ruu) |
See also
Mongolian personal pronouns
Nivkh
Etymology
Possibly akin to Mongolic *či; compare Mongolian чи (či) and Tungusic *si, compare Nanai си (si).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
чи (ț’i)
Ossetian
Etymology
From Middle Persian kē.
Pronoun
чи • (ḱi)
Declension
Pannonian Rusyn
Etymology
Inherited from Old Slovak či, from Proto-Slavic *či. Cognates include Polish czy and Slovak či.
Pronunciation
Conjunction
чи (či)
- if, whether
- 2024 September 17, А. Балатинац, “Учителька хтора жиє свой сон (I) [A teacher who is living her dream (I)]”, in Руске Слово:
- На руски язик ше ходзело пейц годзини тижньово, и нєшка так, алє теди нїхто анї нє роздумовал чи пойдзе чи нє пойдзе на годзини, то ше подрозумйовало – гвари Наталия.
- Na ruski jazik še xodzelo pejc hodzini tižnʹovo, i nješka tak, alje tedi njixto anji nje rozdumoval či pojdze či nje pojdze na hodzini, to še podrozumjovalo – hvari Natalija.
- Rusyn language was taught for five lessons per week, and it's the same now, but back then no one even thought of whether to go to class or not, it was taken for granted – says Natalija.
- or
Usage notes
- Often doubled. When doubled, the usage translates to "whether … or".
Particle
чи (či)
- interrogative particle: introduces a yes-no question; whether
- 2024 August 3, А. Саванович, “Рударенє ядариту: Розвойна шанса, чи еколоґийна катастрофа? [Jadarite mining: A development opportunity, or an ecological disaster?]”, in Руске Слово:
- Колумна готова, батерия витримала. Чи витрима Сербия на литиюму – то питанє за шицких нас.
- Kolumna hotova, baterija vitrimala. Či vitrima Serbija na litijumu – to pitanje za šickix nas.
- The column is ready, the battery is durable. Whether Serbia can survive on lithium – that's a question for all of us.
Usage notes
- Used at the beginning of sentences or clauses.
Further reading
- Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “чи”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
- Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “whether”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 375
Tabasaran
Etymology
Noun
чи • (či)
Ukrainian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Ruthenian чи (či), from Old East Slavic чи (či), from Proto-Slavic *či, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷéy, initially instrumental singular of pronoun *kʷo-／*kʷe-.
Pronunciation
Particle
чи • (čy)
Conjunction
чи • (čy)
Synonyms
- або́ (abó)
Further reading
- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “чи”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka