क्षमा

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā). Doublet of छमा (chamā).

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /kʂə.mɑː/,

क्षमा • (kṣamā) f (Urdu spelling کشما)

1. (formal) a pardon, forgiveness

   Synonym: माफ़ी (māfī)

   मैं आपसे क्षमा माँगता हूँ।

   ma͠i āpse kṣamā māṅgtā hū̃.

   I request forgiveness from you.

क्षमा • (kṣamā) f (Urdu spelling کشما)

1. a female given name, Kshama, from Sanskrit

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “क्षमा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Platts, John T. (1884) “क्षमा”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘦𑘰 (kṣamā), from Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā).

• IPA^(key): /kʂə.ma/

क्षमा • (kṣamā) f

1. forgiveness, pardon

   Synonym: माफी (māphī)

   मी तुमची क्षमा मागतो ― mī tumcī kṣamā māgto ― I beg your pardon

2. (rare) patience

   Synonyms: संयम (saiyam), धीर (dhīr)

3. (rare) endurance

   Synonyms: सहनशक्ती (sahanśaktī), सहनशीलता (sahnaśīltā)

4. (archaic, literary) the Earth

   Synonyms: धरती (dhartī), पृथ्वी (pŕthvī)

क्षमा • (kṣamā) f

1. a female given name, Kshama, from Sanskrit

• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “क्षमा”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Shankar Gopal Tulpule, Anne Feldhaus (1999) “क्षमा”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kʂɐ.mɑː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkʂɐ.mɑː/

From the root क्षम् (kṣam, “to be patient”) +‎ -आ (-ā).

क्षमा • (kṣamā) stem, f

1. patience, forbearance, indulgence
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
2. patience (personified as a daughter of Dakṣa and wife of Pulaha)
3. tameness (as of an antelope)
4. resistance
5. name of Durga
6. the khadira tree (Acacia catechu)
7. name of a female shepherd
8. name of a species of the atijagatī- metre
9. of a śākta authoress of mantras
10. of a river (equals vetravatī-)

• Assamese: ক্ষমা (khoma)
• Bengali: ক্ষমা (khoma)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀔𑀫𑀸 (khamā)
• → Old Marathi: 𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘦𑘰 (kṣamā)
  • Marathi: क्षमा (kṣamā)
• → Nepali: क्षमा (kṣamā)
• Pali: khamā
• Punjabi: ਖਿਮਾ (khimā)
• Sindhi: کِما
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀙𑀫𑀸 (chamā)
  • Hindustani:
    • Hindi: छमा (chamā)
    • Urdu: چهما (chamā)
• Awadhi: छमा (chamā)
• Marwari: छमा (chamā)
• → Gujarati: ક્ષમા (kṣamā) (learned)
• → Hindustani: (learned)

  Hindi: क्षमा (kṣamā)

  Urdu: کشما (kṣamā)

• Kannada: ಕ್ಷಮೆ (kṣame)
• → Tamil: க்ஷமை (kṣamai) / சமை (camai)
• → Telugu: క్షమ (kṣama)

From क्षम् (kṣám, “earth, ground”), but the suffix is unclear, possibly instrumental singular.^[1]

क्षमा • (kṣamā́)

1. on the earth, on the floor

From क्षम् (kṣám, “earth, ground”) +‎ -आ (-ā).

क्षमा • (kṣamā) stem, f

1. earth

• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀔𑀫𑀸 (khamā)
• Old Marathi: 𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘦𑘰 (kṣamā) / 𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘹𑘦𑘰 (kṣemā)
  • → Marathi: क्षमा (kṣamā)
• Pali: khamā
• → Telugu: క్షమ (kṣama)

• Monier Williams (1899) “क्षमा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 326.