जाल

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See also: जाली, जेल, and जल

Hindi

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit जाल (jāla). Cognate with Bengali জাল (jal), Marathi जाळे (jāḷe), Punjabi ਜਾਲ਼ (jāḷ), Sinhalese දැල (dæla).

Pronunciation

  • (Delhi) IPA(key): /d͡ʒɑːl/,

Noun

जाल (jālm (Urdu spelling جال)

  1. net
  2. web, spider web
    Synonym: जाला (jālā)
  3. (figuratively) trap, snare
  4. (computing) net, network, web

Declension

Descendants

  • Persian:
    Dari: جَال (jāl)

References

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Of unclear origin. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (to braid, twist) and connected to गरल (garala, a bundle of grass or hay) and जटा (jaṭā, braid of hair). Kuiper, however, claims Proto-Munda origin for जाल (jāla) and जटा (jaṭā). Alternatively, Forssman suggests a connection with Ancient Greek βάλλω (bállō, to throw).

Noun

जाल (jā́la) stemn

  1. a net (for catching birds, fish etc.)
  2. a hairnet
  3. a net (figurative), snare
  4. (anatomy) the omentum
  5. a cobweb
  6. any reticulated or woven texture, wire-net, mail-coat, wire-helmet
  7. a lattice, eyelet
  8. a lattice window
  9. the finger and toe-membrane of divine beings and godlike personages
  10. a lion’s mane
  11. a bundle of buds
  12. collection multitude
  13. deception, illusion magic
  14. pride
  15. jāta, kind, species
Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of जाल
singular dual plural
nominative जालम् (jā́lam) जाले (jā́le) जालानि (jā́lāni)
जाला¹ (jā́lā¹)
vocative जाल (jā́la) जाले (jā́le) जालानि (jā́lāni)
जाला¹ (jā́lā¹)
accusative जालम् (jā́lam) जाले (jā́le) जालानि (jā́lāni)
जाला¹ (jā́lā¹)
instrumental जालेन (jā́lena) जालाभ्याम् (jā́lābhyām) जालैः (jā́laiḥ)
जालेभिः¹ (jā́lebhiḥ¹)
dative जालाय (jā́lāya) जालाभ्याम् (jā́lābhyām) जालेभ्यः (jā́lebhyaḥ)
ablative जालात् (jā́lāt) जालाभ्याम् (jā́lābhyām) जालेभ्यः (jā́lebhyaḥ)
genitive जालस्य (jā́lasya) जालयोः (jā́layoḥ) जालानाम् (jā́lānām)
locative जाले (jā́le) जालयोः (jā́layoḥ) जालेषु (jā́leṣu)
  • ¹Vedic
Descendants

Etymology 2

Vṛddhi derivative of जल (jalá).

Adjective

जाल (jāla) stem

  1. watery
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of जाल
singular dual plural
nominative जालः (jālaḥ) जालौ (jālau)
जाला¹ (jālā¹)
जालाः (jālāḥ)
जालासः¹ (jālāsaḥ¹)
vocative जाल (jāla) जालौ (jālau)
जाला¹ (jālā¹)
जालाः (jālāḥ)
जालासः¹ (jālāsaḥ¹)
accusative जालम् (jālam) जालौ (jālau)
जाला¹ (jālā¹)
जालान् (jālān)
instrumental जालेन (jālena) जालाभ्याम् (jālābhyām) जालैः (jālaiḥ)
जालेभिः¹ (jālebhiḥ¹)
dative जालाय (jālāya) जालाभ्याम् (jālābhyām) जालेभ्यः (jālebhyaḥ)
ablative जालात् (jālāt) जालाभ्याम् (jālābhyām) जालेभ्यः (jālebhyaḥ)
genitive जालस्य (jālasya) जालयोः (jālayoḥ) जालानाम् (jālānām)
locative जाले (jāle) जालयोः (jālayoḥ) जालेषु (jāleṣu)
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine ī-stem declension of जाली
singular dual plural
nominative जाली (jālī) जाल्यौ (jālyau)
जाली¹ (jālī¹)
जाल्यः (jālyaḥ)
जालीः¹ (jālīḥ¹)
vocative जालि (jāli) जाल्यौ (jālyau)
जाली¹ (jālī¹)
जाल्यः (jālyaḥ)
जालीः¹ (jālīḥ¹)
accusative जालीम् (jālīm) जाल्यौ (jālyau)
जाली¹ (jālī¹)
जालीः (jālīḥ)
instrumental जाल्या (jālyā) जालीभ्याम् (jālībhyām) जालीभिः (jālībhiḥ)
dative जाल्यै (jālyai) जालीभ्याम् (jālībhyām) जालीभ्यः (jālībhyaḥ)
ablative जाल्याः (jālyāḥ)
जाल्यै² (jālyai²)
जालीभ्याम् (jālībhyām) जालीभ्यः (jālībhyaḥ)
genitive जाल्याः (jālyāḥ)
जाल्यै² (jālyai²)
जाल्योः (jālyoḥ) जालीनाम् (jālīnām)
locative जाल्याम् (jālyām) जाल्योः (jālyoḥ) जालीषु (jālīṣu)
  • ¹Vedic
  • ²Brāhmaṇas
Neuter a-stem declension of जाल
singular dual plural
nominative जालम् (jālam) जाले (jāle) जालानि (jālāni)
जाला¹ (jālā¹)
vocative जाल (jāla) जाले (jāle) जालानि (jālāni)
जाला¹ (jālā¹)
accusative जालम् (jālam) जाले (jāle) जालानि (jālāni)
जाला¹ (jālā¹)
instrumental जालेन (jālena) जालाभ्याम् (jālābhyām) जालैः (jālaiḥ)
जालेभिः¹ (jālebhiḥ¹)
dative जालाय (jālāya) जालाभ्याम् (jālābhyām) जालेभ्यः (jālebhyaḥ)
ablative जालात् (jālāt) जालाभ्याम् (jālābhyām) जालेभ्यः (jālebhyaḥ)
genitive जालस्य (jālasya) जालयोः (jālayoḥ) जालानाम् (jālānām)
locative जाले (jāle) जालयोः (jālayoḥ) जालेषु (jāleṣu)
  • ¹Vedic

Etymology 3

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Is this related to Etymology 1 above? Etymological dictionaries don't seem to mention it.”

Noun

जाल (jāla) stemm

  1. a tree of species Neolamarckia cadamba (syn. Nauclea cadamba)
  2. a small cucumber
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of जाल
singular dual plural
nominative जालः (jālaḥ) जालौ (jālau)
जाला¹ (jālā¹)
जालाः (jālāḥ)
जालासः¹ (jālāsaḥ¹)
vocative जाल (jāla) जालौ (jālau)
जाला¹ (jālā¹)
जालाः (jālāḥ)
जालासः¹ (jālāsaḥ¹)
accusative जालम् (jālam) जालौ (jālau)
जाला¹ (jālā¹)
जालान् (jālān)
instrumental जालेन (jālena) जालाभ्याम् (jālābhyām) जालैः (jālaiḥ)
जालेभिः¹ (jālebhiḥ¹)
dative जालाय (jālāya) जालाभ्याम् (jālābhyām) जालेभ्यः (jālebhyaḥ)
ablative जालात् (jālāt) जालाभ्याम् (jālābhyām) जालेभ्यः (jālebhyaḥ)
genitive जालस्य (jālasya) जालयोः (jālayoḥ) जालानाम् (jālānām)
locative जाले (jāle) जालयोः (jālayoḥ) जालेषु (jāleṣu)
  • ¹Vedic

References

  • Monier Williams (1899) “जाल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 419, column 3.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 588
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 431