भाषा
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See also: भीषा
Bhojpuri
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).
Noun
भाषा (bhāṣā) f (Kaithi 𑂦𑂰𑂭𑂰)
- language
- भोजपुरी भाषा ― bhojapurī bhāṣā ― Bhojpuri language
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).
Pronunciation
Noun
भाषा • (bhāṣā) f (Urdu spelling بھاشا)
- language, speech
- संस्कृत बहुत समृद्ध भाषा है।
- sanskŕt bahut samŕddh bhāṣā hai.
- Sanskrit is a very rich language.
- वह भाषा की उत्पत्ति पर खोज कर रहा है।
- vah bhāṣā kī utpatti par khoj kar rahā hai.
- He is doing research on the origins of language
Declension
Declension of भाषा (fem ā-stem)
Synonyms
Derived terms
- देशभाषा (deśbhāṣā)
- परिभाषा (paribhāṣā)
- भारतीय आर्य भाषा (bhārtīya ārya bhāṣā)
- भाषा-परिवार (bhāṣā-parivār)
- भाषांतर (bhāṣāntar)
- भाषांतरकार (bhāṣāntarkār)
- भाषागत (bhāṣāgat)
- भाषाविज्ञान (bhāṣāvijñān)
- भाषावैज्ञानिक (bhāṣāvaijñānik)
- मातृभाषा (mātŕbhāṣā)
- राष्ट्रभाषा (rāṣṭrabhāṣā)
References
- Platts, John T. (1884) “भाषा”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).
Pronunciation
Noun
भाषा • (bhāṣā) f
- language
- Synonym: बोली (bolī)
- इंग्रजी एक जागतिक भाषा आहे.
- iṅgrajī ek jāgtik bhāṣā āhe.
- English is a global language.
Declension
| Declension of भाषा (fem ā-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
भाषा bhāṣā | ||
| direct plural |
भाषा bhāṣā | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
भाषा bhāṣā |
भाषा bhāṣā | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
भाषे bhāṣe |
भाषां- bhāṣān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
भाषेला bhāṣelā |
भाषांना bhāṣānnā | |
| ergative | भाषेने, भाषेनं bhāṣene, bhāṣena |
भाषांनी bhāṣānnī | |
| instrumental | भाषेशी bhāṣeśī |
भाषांशी bhāṣānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
भाषेत bhāṣet |
भाषांत bhāṣāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
भाषे bhāṣe |
भाषांनो bhāṣānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of भाषा (fem ā-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
भाषेचा bhāṣeċā |
भाषेचे bhāṣeċe |
भाषेची bhāṣecī |
भाषेच्या bhāṣecā |
भाषेचे, भाषेचं bhāṣeċe, bhāṣeċa |
भाषेची bhāṣecī |
भाषेच्या bhāṣecā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
भाषांचा bhāṣānċā |
भाषांचे bhāṣānċe |
भाषांची bhāṣāñcī |
भाषांच्या bhāṣāncā |
भाषांचे, भाषांचं bhāṣānċe, bhāṣānċa |
भाषांची bhāṣāñcī |
भाषांच्या bhāṣāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- अधिकृत भाषा (adhikŕt bhāṣā, “official language”)
- जन्मभाषा (janmabhāṣā)
- देवभाषा (devbhāṣā, “Gods' language”)
- बालभाषा (bālbhāṣā)
- बोलीभाषा (bolībhāṣā, “colloquial language”)
- भाषांतर (bhāṣāntar, “translation”)
- भाषांतरकार (bhāṣāntarkār, “translator”)
- भाषाकुळ (bhāṣākuḷ, “language family”)
- भाषाविज्ञान (bhāṣāvijñān, “linguistics”)
- भाषावैज्ञानिक (bhāṣāvaijñānik, “linguist”)
- भाषाशैली (bhāṣāśailī)
- मातृभाषा (mātŕbhāṣā, “mother tongue”)
- राज्यभाषा (rājyabhāṣā, “state language”)
- राष्ट्रभाषा (rāṣṭrabhāṣā, “national language”)
- संस्कृत भाषा (sauskŕt bhāṣā, “Sanskrit language”)
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “भाषा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “भाषा”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “भाषा”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
Nepali
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).
Pronunciation
Noun
भाषा • (bhāṣā)
Declension
| Declension of भाषा | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||
| nominative | भाषा | भाषाहरू | |
| accusative | भाषालाई | भाषाहरूलाई | |
| instrumental/ergative | भाषाले | भाषाहरूले | |
| dative | भाषालाई | भाषाहरूलाई | |
| ablative | भाषाबाट | भाषाहरूबाट | |
| genitive | भाषाको | भाषाहरूको | |
| locative | भाषामा | भाषाहरूमा | |
| Notes: | |||
Newar
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).
Pronunciation
Noun
भाषा • (bhāṣā)
Old Gujarati
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā).
Noun
भाषा • (bhāṣā) f
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ভাষা (Assamese script)
- ᬪᬵᬱᬵ (Balinese script)
- ভাষা (Bengali script)
- 𑰥𑰯𑰬𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀪𑀸𑀱𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- ဘာၑာ (Burmese script)
- ભાષા (Gujarati script)
- ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌭𑌾𑌷𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦨꦴꦰꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂦𑂰𑂭𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ಭಾಷಾ (Kannada script)
- ភាឞា (Khmer script)
- ຠາຩາ (Lao script)
- ഭാഷാ (Malayalam script)
- ᢨᠠ᠊ᠠᢢᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘥𑘰𑘬𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᠪᠾᠠᢗᢔᠠ᠋ᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧅𑧑𑧌𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐨𑐵𑐲𑐵 (Newa script)
- ଭାଷା (Odia script)
- ꢩꢵꢰꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆨𑆳𑆰𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖥𑖯𑖬𑖯 (Siddham script)
- භාෂා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩳𑩛𑪀𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚡𑚭𑚭 (Takri script)
- ப⁴ாஷா (Tamil script)
- భాషా (Telugu script)
- ภาษา (Thai script)
- བྷཱ་ཥཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒦𑒰𑒭𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨡𑨊𑨯𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From the root भाष् (bhāṣ, “to speak”); further origin uncertain. Theories include:
- From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-s- (“to sound”), compare Lithuanian balsas (“voice”) and Latvian balss (“voice”). The retroflexion is in this case due to Fortunatov's Law.
- From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”), compare Latin fās (“divine law”). The retroflex ṣ could either be onomatopoeic or to avoid homonymy with root भास् (bhās, “to shine”) (compare originally fully homonymous English flower and flour or German küssen and Kissen).[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
भाषा • (bhāṣā) stem, f
- speech, language (especially common, vernacular or vulgar speech, as opposed to Vedic or in later times to Sanskrit, as the refined speech)
- any Prakrit dialect or a particular group of 5 of them (namely माहाराष्ट्री (māhārāṣṭrī), शौरसेनी (śaurasenī), मागधी (māgadhī), प्राच्या (prācyā) and अवन्ति (avanti), also called पञ्चविधा (pañcavidhā))
- description, definition
- (law) accusation, charge, complaint, plaint
- name of Saraswati
- (music) name of रागिणी (rāgiṇī)
Declension
| Feminine ā-stem declension of भाषा (bhāṣā) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | भाषा bhāṣā |
भाषे bhāṣe |
भाषाः bhāṣāḥ |
| Vocative | भाषे bhāṣe |
भाषे bhāṣe |
भाषाः bhāṣāḥ |
| Accusative | भाषाम् bhāṣām |
भाषे bhāṣe |
भाषाः bhāṣāḥ |
| Instrumental | भाषया / भाषा¹ bhāṣayā / bhāṣā¹ |
भाषाभ्याम् bhāṣābhyām |
भाषाभिः bhāṣābhiḥ |
| Dative | भाषायै bhāṣāyai |
भाषाभ्याम् bhāṣābhyām |
भाषाभ्यः bhāṣābhyaḥ |
| Ablative | भाषायाः / भाषायै² bhāṣāyāḥ / bhāṣāyai² |
भाषाभ्याम् bhāṣābhyām |
भाषाभ्यः bhāṣābhyaḥ |
| Genitive | भाषायाः / भाषायै² bhāṣāyāḥ / bhāṣāyai² |
भाषयोः bhāṣayoḥ |
भाषाणाम् bhāṣāṇām |
| Locative | भाषायाम् bhāṣāyām |
भाषयोः bhāṣayoḥ |
भाषासु bhāṣāsu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
- देवभाषा (devabhāṣā)
- पालिभाषा (pālibhāṣā)
- भाषाकुमुदमञ्जरी (bhāṣākumudamañjarī)
- भाषाकौमुदी (bhāṣākaumudī)
- भाषाचित्रक (bhāṣācitraka)
- भाषाज्ञ (bhāṣājña)
- भाषानुशासन (bhāṣānuśāsana)
- भाषान्तर (bhāṣāntara)
- भाषापरिच्छेद (bhāṣāpariccheda)
- भाषापाद (bhāṣāpāda)
- भाषाप्रकाशिका (bhāṣāprakāśikā)
- भाषामञ्जरी (bhāṣāmañjarī)
- भाषारत्न (bhāṣāratna)
- भाषार्णव (bhāṣārṇava)
- भाषालीलावती (bhāṣālīlāvatī)
- भाषाविवृतिगीता (bhāṣāvivṛtigītā)
- भाषावृत्ति (bhāṣāvṛtti)
- भाषावृत्त्यर्थवृत्ति (bhāṣāvṛttyarthavṛtti)
- भाषासम (bhāṣāsama)
- भाषासमिति (bhāṣāsamiti)
Descendants
Terms inherited from भाषा (bhāṣā)
- Dardic:
- Dameli: (bâṣa, “language”)
- Shina: بݜ (baṣ)
- → Domaaki: (bāṣ)
- Shina: بݜ (baṣ)
- Dameli: (bâṣa, “language”)
- Pali: bhāsā
- → Balinese: ᬪᬵᬱ (bhāṣa)
- → Burmese: ဘာသာ (bhasa)
- → Indonesian: bahasa
- → Isan: ภาษา (páa-sǎa)
- → Javanese: ꦧꦱ (basa)
- → Khmer: ភាសា (phiəsaa)
- → Khün: ᨽᩣᩈᩣ
- → Northern Thai: ᨽᩣᩈᩣ
- → Lao: ພາສາ (phā sā)
- → Lü: ᦘᦱᦉᦱ (phaaṡaa)
- → Mon: ဘာသာ (pʰesa)
- → Northern Thai: ᨽᩣᩇᩣ (bhasa)
- → Shan: ၽႃႇသႃႇ (phàa sàa)
- → Thai: ภาษา (paa-sǎa)
- Prakrit: 𑀪𑀸𑀲𑀸 (bhāsā)
Borrowed terms
- → Acehnese: بَهْسَا (bahsa)
- → Assamese: ভাষা (bhaxa)
- → Banjarese: بَهَاسَ (bahasa)
- → Bengali: ভাষা (bhaśa)
- → Betawi: bahasa
- → Buginese: ᨅᨔ (basa)
- → Cia-Cia: bahasa / 바하사 (bahasa)
- → Dogri: bhāśā
- → Fiji Hindi: भाषा (bhāṣā), bhasa
- → Gujarati: ભાષા (bhāṣā)
- → Hindi: भाषा (bhāṣā)
- → Ilocano: basa
- → Kachchi: ભાષા (bhāṣā) (learned)
- → Kannada: ಭಾಷೆ (bhāṣe)
- → Madurese: بَهاسَ (basa)
- → Maguindanao: bahasah
- → Makasar: ᨅᨔ (basa)
- → Malay: bahasa (بهاس)
- → Malayalam: ഭാഷ (bhāṣa), പാഴ (pāḻa) — tadbhava
- → Marathi: भाषा (bhāṣā)
- → Maranao: basa
- → Minangkabau: بَاسو (baso)
- → Nepali: भाषा (bhāṣā)
- → Newar: भाषा (bhāṣā)
- → Northern Khmer: พซา
- → Old Javanese: bhāṣa
- → Odia: ଭାଷା (bhāshā)
- → Punjabi: ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (bhāśā)
- → Sinhalese: භාෂාව (bhāṣāwa)
- → Sundanese: ᮘᮞ (basa)
- → Tamil: பாசை (pācai), பாடை (pāṭai) — nonstandard, rare, archaic, பாஷா (pāṣā), பாஷை (pāṣai) — tatsama
- → Tausug: bahasa
- → Telugu: భాష (bhāṣa)
- → Tulu: ಬಾಸೆ (bāse), ಭಾಷೆ (bhāṣe), ಭಾಶೆ (bhāśe), ಬಾಶೆ (bāśe)
- → Urdu: بھَاشَا (bhāśā)
- → Yakan: bahasa
- → Proto-Nuristani:
- Waigali: (bāṣ, “word”)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “BHĀṢ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 261-2
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “भाषा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 755, column 3.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “भाषा”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1196
- Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “भाषा”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “bhāṣā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 540