斂

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See also: 歛, 㪘, and 敛
斂 U+6582, 斂
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6582
← 斁
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 斃 →

Translingual

Traditional 斂
Shinjitai
(extended) 		㪘
Simplified 敛

Han character

斂 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 人人人大 (OOOK), four-corner 88840, composition ⿰僉攵)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 476, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13407
  • Dae Jaweon: page 830, character 33
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1478, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6582

Chinese

trad. 斂/歛*
simp. 敛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 斂
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (僉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
厱 *raːm, *kʰreːm, *kʰlam
歛 *qʰlaːm
臉 *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ
醶 *ɡr·reːmʔ, *skʰraːmʔ
鹼 *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam
薟 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰram
匳 *ɡ·ram
獫 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams, *qʰramʔ
蘞 *ɡ·ram, *ɡ·ramʔ, *qʰlam
籢 *ɡ·ram
斂 *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
瀲 *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams
撿 *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ
羷 *ɡ·ramʔ
殮 *ɡ·rams
簽 *skʰlam
僉 *skʰlam
憸 *skʰlam, *skʰlamʔ, *sqʰlam, *qʰramʔ
譣 *skʰlam, *qʰramʔ
檢 *kramʔ
瞼 *kramʔ
儉 *ɡramʔ
顩 *ŋramʔ, *rlɯmʔ, *kʰrɯmʔ
嬐 *ŋramʔ
嶮 *ŋramʔ, *hŋramʔ
噞 *ŋramʔ, *ŋrams
驗 *ŋrams
險 *qʰramʔ
劒 *kams
劍 *kams
𩏩 *qʰam

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams) : phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam) + semantic 攴.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • niam2 - Shantou;
  • liêm2 - Chaozhou.
Note:
  • lienn4 - literary;
  • lienn5 - vernacular.
    Rime
    Character 斂 斂
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 來 (37) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 鹽 (153) 鹽 (153)
    Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) III III
    Fanqie 良冉切 力驗切
    Baxter ljemX ljemH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/liᴇmX/ /liᴇmH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/liɛmX/ /liɛmH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ljæmX/ /ljæmH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/liamX/ /liamH/
    Li
    Rong         		/liɛmX/ /liɛmH/
    Wang
    Li         		/lĭɛmX/ /lĭɛmH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/li̯ɛmX/ /li̯ɛmH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		liǎn liàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		lim5 lim6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 斂 斂
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		liǎn liàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ljemX › ‹ ljemH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mʔ/ /*m-s/
    English gather dress a corpse

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 斂 斂
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 10190 10197
    Phonetic
    component         		僉 僉
    Rime
    group         		談 談
    Rime
    subdivision         		1 1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		斂 殮
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡ·ramʔ/ /*ɡ·rams/

    Definitions

    斂

    1. to draw back; to fold back
    2. to collect
    3. 35th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "gathering" (𝌨)

    Compounds

    References

    Japanese

    Shinjitai
    (extended)

    		㪘

    Kyūjitai

    		斂

    Kanji

    斂

    (Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 㪘)

    1. tighten, stiffen

    Readings

    Compounds

    Korean

    Hanja

    斂 • (ryeom>yeom) (hangeul 렴>염, revised ryeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer ryŏm>yŏm, Yale lyem>yem)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    斂: Hán Nôm readings: kiếm, liễm, liệm

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References

    Wikious
    Boobota
    Sagapedia