諷刺

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See also: 讽刺, and 風刺

Chinese

		satirize	thorn; sting; prick thorn; sting; prick; pierce; stab; thrust; assassinate; murder
trad. (諷刺)		諷	刺
simp. (讽刺)		讽	刺
alternative forms		風刺／风刺

Etymology

Attestable from at least the Northern and Southern dynasties (420–589). In modern Chinese, popularised as reborrowed from Japanese 諷刺(ふうし) (fūshi).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fěngcì, fèngcì

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄥˇ ㄘˋ, ㄈㄥˋ ㄘˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fung³ ci³ / fung² ci³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hóng-chhì / hong-chhì

(Teochew, Peng'im): hong³ ceng³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fěngcì
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˇ ㄘˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fǒngcìh
  - Wade–Giles: fêng³-tzʻŭ⁴
  - Yale: fěng-tsz̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: feengtsyh
  - Palladius: фэнцы (fɛncy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fèngcì
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄥˋ ㄘˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fòngcìh
  - Wade–Giles: fêng⁴-tzʻŭ⁴
  - Yale: fèng-tsz̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenqtsyh
  - Palladius: фэнцы (fɛncy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɤŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰz̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fung³ ci³ / fung² ci³
  - Yale: fung chi / fúng chi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fung³ tsi³ / fung² tsi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fung³ qi³ / fung² qi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊŋ³³ t͡sʰiː³³/, /fʊŋ³⁵ t͡sʰiː³³/

Note: fung2 ci3 - variant.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng-chhì
  - Tâi-lô: hóng-tshì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hofngchix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰi¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-chhì
  - Tâi-lô: hong-tshì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hongchix
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³ t͡sʰi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hong³ ceng³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hòng tshṳ̀ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hoŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰɯŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: pjuwngH tshjeH

Rime
Character	諷	刺
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	方鳳切	七賜切
Baxter	pjuwngH	tshjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨuŋ^H/	/t͡sʰiᴇ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/piuŋ^H/	/t͡sʰiɛ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/piuŋ^H/	/t͡sʰjɛ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puwŋ^H/	/t͡sʰiə̆^H/
Li Rong	/piuŋ^H/	/t͡sʰie^H/
Wang Li	/pĭuŋ^H/	/t͡sʰǐe^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯uŋ^H/	/t͡sʰie̯^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fèng	cì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fung³	ci³

Verb

諷刺

(transitive) to satirise; to mock; to ridicule (using indirect language)
(literary) to advise in a mild and indirect manner

Synonyms

Japanese

Kanji in this term
諷	刺
ふう Hyōgai	し Grade: S
goon	on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 諷刺 – see the following entry.

【風刺ふうし】

(This term, 諷刺, is an alternative spelling (dated) of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
諷	刺

Noun

諷刺 • (pungja) (hangeul 풍자)

hanja form^? of 풍자 (“satire; sarcasm”)

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