假令

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Chinese

vacation; fake; false
vacation; fake; false; artificial; to borrow; if; suppose
 
make or cause to be; order; command
make or cause to be; order; command; decree; honourable
 
trad. (假令) 假 令
simp. #(假令) 假 令

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 假 令 令 令
Reading # 1/2 2/5 4/5 5/5
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 來 (37) 來 (37) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 麻 (98) 清 (121) 清 (121) 青 (125)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Level (Ø) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open Open
Division (等) II III III IV
Fanqie 古疋切 呂貞切 力政切 郎定切
Baxter kaeX ljeng ljengH lengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠaX/ /liᴇŋ/ /liᴇŋH/ /leŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚaX/ /liɛŋ/ /liɛŋH/ /leŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kaX/ /liæŋ/ /liæŋH/ /lɛŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kaɨX/ /liajŋ/ /liajŋH/ /lɛjŋH/
Li
Rong 		/kaX/ /liɛŋ/ /liɛŋH/ /leŋH/
Wang
Li 		/kaX/ /lĭɛŋ/ /lĭɛŋH/ /lieŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kaX/ /li̯ɛŋ/ /li̯ɛŋH/ /lieŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiǎ líng lìng lìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gaa2 ling4 ling6 ling6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 假 令 令
Reading # 1/2 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiǎ líng lìng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kæX › ‹ ljeng › ‹ ljengH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.kˁraʔ/ /*riŋ/ /*riŋ-s/
English borrow; false send (a person) issue a command

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 假 令 令 令
Reading # 1/2 2/5 3/5 5/5
No. 5955 8277 8284 8332
Phonetic
component 		叚 令 令 令
Rime
group 		魚 耕 耕 耕
Rime
subdivision 		0 0 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		檟 跉 令 零
Old
Chinese 		/*kraːʔ/ /*reŋ/ /*reŋs/ /*reːŋs/

Conjunction

假令

  1. (literary) if; in case

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 如果 (“if”)
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 若, 假, 如, 使, 令, 苟, 向, 向使, 向令, 假令, 假使, 誠, 誠使, 倘, 儻, 當使
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 若, 如, 如果, 若果, 果若, 假如, 假若, 假使, 假設, 倘若, 倘或, 倘然, 倘使, 若是, 若然, 設若, 設使, 設令, 設或, 設
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 要是, 要
Taiwan 要是, 要, 如果
Malaysia 如果
Singapore 如果
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 要是
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 要是
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 要是, 假比
Wuhan 要是
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 要是, 要, 假使
Hefei 要是, 倘此, 倘倘
Cantonese Guangzhou 如果, 若果, 若然, 假使間
Hong Kong 如果, 若果, 若然, 若然之, 假使, 假使間, 假如
Macau 假如
Taishan 如果, 若果, 假使
Kaiping (Chikan) 若果
Yangjiang 設若
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 如果
Singapore (Guangfu) 如果
Gan Nanchang 要是, 若是
Lichuan 假使
Hakka Meixian 係話, 若係, 如果
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 若果, 係講, 係話
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 係講, 若係, 假使
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 係講, 係準, 係準講, 準講, 準假, 係若, 若係, 假使, 假詐
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 係講, 若係, 假使
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 準講, 可比, 假使, 係講, 若係, 若係講, 準若講
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 係講, 若係, 假使
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 若係講, 假使, 若講, 係講, 若係
Kuching (Hepo) 假使
Jin Taiyuan 要是
Northern Min Jian'ou 來是, 如果
Pucheng (Shibei) 來是, 如果
Eastern Min Fuzhou 儷是, 若還
Southern Min Xiamen 設使, 若是, 若, 若欲是, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是, 甲若, 甲若是
Quanzhou 設使, 若是, 若, 若欲是, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是
Zhangzhou 設使, 若是, 若, 假若, 假若是, 欲, 欲是, 甲若, 甲若是
Tainan 若是, 若準, 若, 假使, 設使
Penang (Hokkien) 若是, 若準
Singapore (Hokkien) 若是
Manila (Hokkien) 若是, 若, 假使
Chaozhou 若是
Shantou 如果
Jieyang 若, 若是
Singapore (Teochew) 若是
Wenchang 但見, 欲
Haikou 麼是, 設如, 設使
Wu Shanghai 要是, 如果, 假使, 倘然, 倘使, 是得
Suzhou 要, 如果
Wenzhou 若是, 若
Xiang Changsha 要是
Shuangfeng 要是, 要此
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